Think globally, act locally

The phrase "Think globally, act locally" or "Think global, act local" has been used in various contexts, including planning, environment, education, mathematics, and business. For many environmental activists, the phrase has been changed into "act globally, act locally" due the growing concern for the whole planet and thus the need of activism everywhere in the world.

Definition

"Think globally, act locally" urges people to consider the health of the entire planet and to take action in their own communities and cities. Long before governments began enforcing environmental laws, individuals were coming together to protect habitats and the organisms that live within them. These efforts are referred to as grassroots efforts. They occur on a local level and are primarily run by volunteers and helpers.

"Think Globally, Act Locally" originally began at the grassroots level, however, it is now a global concept with high importance. It is not just volunteers who take the environment into consideration. It is corporations, government officials, education system, and local communities.

Warren Heaps states, "It's really important to recognize that markets are different around the world, and company compensation programs should reflect a balance between global corporate philosophy and local practice and culture".^[1]

Origin in town planning

The original phrase "Think global, act local" has been attributed to Scots town planner and social activist Patrick Geddes.^[2] Although the exact phrase does not appear in Geddes' 1915 book "Cities in Evolution,"^[3] the idea (as applied to city planning) is clearly evident: "'Local character' is thus no mere accidental old-world quaintness, as its mimics think and say. It is attained only in course of adequate grasp and treatment of the whole environment, and in active sympathy with the essential and characteristic life of the place concerned."^[4]— Patrick Geddes, was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. He was also responsible for introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning. He has made significant contributions to the consideration of the environment. Geddes believed in working with the environment, versus working against it.^[5]

Town planning is important to understanding of the idea "think globally, act locally". Urban management and development highly impacts the surrounding environment. The ways in which this is initiated is vital to the health of the environment. Corporations need to be aware of global communities when expanding their companies to new locations. Not only do corporations need to be aware of global differences, but also Urban and rural areas who plan on expanding or changing the dynamics of their community. As stated "Addressing the complex urban environmental problems, in order to improve urban livability through Urban Environmental Strategies (UES), involves taking stock of the existing urban environmental problems, their comparative analysis and prioritization, setting out objectives and targets, and identification of various measures to meet these objectives".^[6]

Origins of the phrase

The first use of the phrase in an environmental context is disputed. Some say it was coined by David Brower,^[7] founder of Friends of the Earth, as a slogan for FOE^[8] when it was founded in 1971,^[9] although others attribute it to René Dubos in 1977.^[10] Canadian "futurist" Frank Feather also chaired a conference called "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally" in 1979 and has claimed the paternity of the expression.^[11] Other possible originators include French theologian Jacques Ellul.^[12]

Education

The term was increasingly applied to initiatives in international education and was advanced by Stuart Grauer in his 1989 University of San Diego publication, Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community. In this publication it was attributed to Harlan Cleveland.^[13] It is said that this term was used by German-American sociologist Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy^{[citation needed]} in the 1950s or earlier, prior to the formation of the United Nations Organization.

It is not only corporations that are acknowledging the importance of environmental issues, but also the education system. Government officials and school boards across the world are beginning to develop a new way of teaching. Globalization is now thought of as an important concept to understanding the world. Certain schools believe it is important to discuss global issues as young as 5 years old. It is students who are our future, therefore understanding the concept of "think globally, act locally" is fundamental to our future.^[14]

Business

The term is also used in business strategy, where multinational corporations are encouraged to build local roots. This is sometimes expressed by converging the words "global" and "local" into the single word "glocal," a term used by several companies (coined by Akio Morita, founder of Sony Corporation) in their advertising and branding strategies in the 1980s and 1990s.

Currently more and more corporations are finding it extremely important to analyze the environmental damage of their company. The pressure they receive from government officials and local communities regarding environmental issues is vital to their company's image. Globalization is an emerging concept throughout the business world. It was first developed by the Japanese, however, it has now emerged throughout Western society. Globalization refers to the practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations^[15]

Mathematics

The phrase is an in-joke among mathematicians, as it is often used in situations where the global structure of an object (e.g., a manifold, a Diophantine equation, or a group) can be inferred from the local structure. (See Hasse principle for a detailed description of one such example.)

References

^ "Think Globally, Act Locally for Compensation Design". Warren Heaps. 28 February 2010.
^ Barash, David (2002). Peace and Conflict. Sage Publications. p. 547. ISBN 978-0-7619-2507-1.
^ Geddes, Patrick (1915). Cities in Evolution. London: Williams.
^ Geddes, Patrick (1915). Cities in Evolution. London: Williams. p. 397.
^ The worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, town planner, re-educator, peace-warrior. Boardman, Philip. 1978. ISBN 0710085486
^ "Urban Environment and Climate Change - Strategic Urban Environmental Planning". worldbank.org. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
^ David Brower (obituary), The Daily Telegraph, 8 November 2000; Joachim Radkau/Lothar Hahn, Aufstieg und Fall der deutschen Atomwirtschaft, München, 2013, p. 300.
^ Christopher Reed: Obituary of David Ross Brower, The Guardian, 8 November 2000. Online copy^{[permanent dead link‍]} at the John Muir Trust
^ "History". Friends of the Earth International. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
^ Willy Gianinazzi, « Penser global, agir local. Histoire d'une idée », EcoRev'. Revue critique d'écologie politique, N. 46, Summer 2018, p. 24, who quotes: Rene Dubos, « The despairing optimist », The American Scholar, Spring 1977, p. 156.
^ Keyes, Ralph. The Quote Verifier. Simon & Schuster. New York, NY 2006. ISBN 978-0-312-34004-9.
^ Jacques Ellul, Penser globalement, agir localement, Pyremonde, Paris, 2006, quoting the review he did in 1968.
^ Grauer, Stuart. Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community. University of San Diego, San Diego 1989.
^ "THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY: PROMOTING PRESCHOOL LEARNING ABOUT OTHER CULTURES." Monica Divitini, Magnus R. Jenssen, Kristin R. Skau.
^ "Is Your Business Glocal? How to Think Globally and Act Locally". YFS Magazine - Startups, Small Business News and Entrepreneurial Culture. Retrieved 21 January 2015.