Robert McCormick Adams Jr.
Robert McCormick Adams Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 9th Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution | |
| In office 1984–1994 | |
| Preceded by | S. Dillon Ripley |
| Succeeded by | I. Michael Heyman |
| Director of the Oriental Institute, Chicago | |
| In office 1962–1968 | |
| Preceded by | Carl Hermann Kraeling |
| Succeeded by | George R. Hughes |
| In office 1981–1983 | |
| Preceded by | John A. Brinkman |
| Succeeded by | Janet Johnson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 23, 1926 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | January 27, 2018 (aged 91) Chula Vista, California, U.S. |
| Spouse | Ruth Skinner Adams |
| Education | University of Chicago (BA, MA, PhD) |
| Known for | Research in Iraq Anthropology Archaeology |
| Awards | Gold Medal Award |
Robert McCormick Adams Jr. (July 23, 1926 – January 27, 2018)[2] was a U.S. anthropologist and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (1984–94).[3] He worked in both the Near East and Mesoamerica. A long time professor of the University of Chicago, he was best known for his research in Iraq.[4]
Early life and education
Born in Chicago, Illinois, he received his doctorate from the University of Chicago (1957), where he was also employed as a member of the faculty. He was Director of the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago (1962–68, 1981–83).[5] He served as the Provost of the University of Chicago (1982–84).[4] He was an Adjunct Professor at the University of California, San Diego, at the time of his death.[4]
Secretary of the Smithsonian
Adams served as the ninth secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. from 1984 to 1994.[4] He was installed as Smithsonian Secretary on September 17, 1984, becoming the head of an Institution with thirteen museums, a National Zoo, and scientific and cultural research facilities in nine states and the Republic of Panama. As the successor to S. Dillon Ripley, Adams sought to prepare the Institution for the 21st century, focus on scholarship, increase public programs, and emphasize a broader representation and involvement of diverse ethnic and cultural communities in the Smithsonian and its programs. Adams oversaw construction of the Quadrangle, a building project that brought together two museums and many disparate offices into a single structure, but he also sounded the alarm to the US Congress about the state of the Institution's aging infrastructure and began the systematic renovation of existing facilities. These "bricks and mortar" projects included renovation of the Freer Gallery of Art, the construction of the Mathias Laboratory at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and the Earl S. Tupper Research and Conference Center at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.[5]
During Adams' tenure, the Smithsonian acquired the National Museum of the American Indian, and the National Postal Museum was established to showcase the National Philatelic Collection. The National Science Resources Center was created to improve the teaching of pre-college science and mathematics, and the International Center was established to explore ancient and evolving cultures and to serve as the Smithsonian's headquarters for Latin American scholarship, exhibitions, and programs. Adams formed the Smithsonian Cultural Education Committee to promote diversity across all aspects of Smithsonian operations. He also encouraged digitization projects, such as the National Air and Space Museum's videodisc technology for storage and retrieval of documents, photos, and other information. The "culture wars" arrived at the Smithsonian in 1991, with criticisms of The West as America, an exhibit at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In 1994, Science in American Life, at the National Museum of American History, provoked outcries from the scientific community for its critical look at American science. And the first script for the Enola Gay exhibit in the National Air and Space Museum was completed shortly before Adams' departure.[5]
Later life
Adams retired from the Smithsonian after ten years of service in 1994 and returned to academia as an adjunct professor at the University of California, San Diego. He received a Distinguished Service Award from the Society for American Archaeology in 1996 and continued his fieldwork and research in the archaeology and anthropology of the Middle East.[4]
Scholarly research
Robert McCormick Adams has had a wide-ranging career spanning many fields. Geographically, his interests have involved extensive fieldwork in the Middle East, but have also included Mexico. With a broadly interdisciplinary approach, he has studied the course of development of urban civilizations over many millennia, and he has also dealt with the history of technology. Partly as an outgrowth of decades of experience in Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia, he has until recently been involved in studies of multiethnic violence under the joint sponsorship of the US National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Over the course of his career Adams has emphasized the importance of social interaction and cultural ecology in the evolution of civilizations. His research has explored how cultural ecology can help explain the rise of civilizations and how cultures affect each other.[4]
Adams has proposed, based on his excavations in Mesopotamia, that there was no single condition behind the complex societies of ancient cities and states; they were a product of numerous interrelated conditions, especially social organization and craft specialization. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1957.[6] In 1988, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[7] Adams received the Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement in 2002 from the Archaeological Institute of America.[4]
Works
- The Evolution of Urban Society (1966)
- Heartland of Cities (1981)
- The Land Behind Baghdad (1984)
- Paths of Fire: An anthropologist's inquiry into Western technology (1996)
See also
References
- ^ "Holdings: Level and trend in early Sumerian civilization". University of Chicago Library. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ Smith, Ryan P. (January 29, 2018). "Smithsonian Leader Who Helped Launch the American Indian Museum Dies at 91". Smithsonian.com.
- ^ "Adams, former Oriental Institute director and anthropology professor, honored with Alumni Medal". The University of Chicago Chronicle. June 11, 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Robert McCormick Adams— 2002 Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement". Award Citation. Archaeological Institute of America. 2002. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
- ^ a b c "Robert McCormick Adams, 1926-". Smithsonian Institution Archives, Collections, Services, Smithsonian History. Retrieved 2012-04-23.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
This article contains public domain text from the Smithsonian Institution Archives.
Bibliography
- "Adams, Robert McCormick", Academic American Encyclopedia, 1991 edition, vol 1., p. 97.
Further reading
- Caplan, Lincoln (21 January 1985). "The Secretary". The New Yorker. 60 (49): 24–25.
External links
- UCSD: Department of Anthropology, Robert McCormick Adams, Faculty Profile and CV.
- On Being a Scientist by the Committee on the Conduct of Science, National Academy of Sciences, 1989 and 1995 edition.
- Rediscovering Geography Committee, National Research Council (1997). Rediscovering Geography: New Relevance for Science and Society. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-309-07679-1.
- Thomas Levy (March 30, 1999). Dig This: Robert McC. Adams (online video). La Jolla, CA: University of California Television.
