Jiangnan Province
Jiangnan (Chinese: 江南; pinyin: jiāng nán, formerly romanized as Kiangnan) is a former province of China whose capital was Jiangning (Chinese: 江寧), which covered the land from north of the Huai River to south of the Yangtze River in East China.[1] The province existed during early Qing dynasty and was divided into the provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui[2] during the era of the Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722) and Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795) and ceased to exist since then.[3]
The province was given the name Jiangnan (Chinese: 江南; lit. 'the South of the Yangtze River'[1]) in 1645[4] after Manchu-led Qing army conquered South Zhili (Chinese: 南直隸; lit. 'South Direct Administration') of Ming Empire[2] during the Manchu conquest of Ming China. The earliest time of the partition can date back to 1667,[5] yet the exact time is disputed.[3]
Administrative divisions
According to the Jiangnan Tongzhi (Chinese: 江南通志, meaning "the General History of Jiangnan") in Siku Quanshu (Chinese: 四庫全書),[6] Jiangnan Province consisted of 16 Fu and 8 Zhou.
| Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiangsu | Anhui | |||||
| Administrative division | traditional Chinese[6] | simplified Chinese | Administrative division | traditional Chinese[7] | simplified Chinese | |
| Jiangning Fu[note 1] | 江寧府 | 江宁府 | Anqing Fu | 安慶府 | 安庆府 | |
| Suzhou Fu | 蘇州府 | 苏州府 | Huizhou Fu | 徽州府 | 徽州府 | |
| Songjiang Fu | 松江府 | 松江府 | Ningguo Fu | 寧國府 | 宁国府 | |
| Changzhou Fu | 常州府 | 常州府 | Chizhou Fu | 池州府 | 池州府 | |
| Zhenjiang Fu | 鎮江府 | 镇江府 | Taiping Fu | 太平府 | 太平府 | |
| Huai'an Fu | 淮安府 | 淮安府 | Luzhou Fu | 廬州府 | 庐州府 | |
| Yangzhou Fu | 揚州府 | 扬州府 | Fengyang Fu | 鳳陽府 | 凤阳府 | |
| Xuzhou Fu | 徐州府 | 徐州府 | Yingzhou Fu | 潁州府 | 颖州府 | |
| Taicangzhou | 太倉州 | 太仓州 | Chuzhou | 滁州 | 滁州 | |
| Haizhou | 海州 | 海州 | Hezhou | 和州 | 和州 | |
| Tongzhou | 通州 | 通州 | Guangdezhou | 廣德州 | 广德州 | |
| Lu'anzhou | 六安州 | 六安州 | ||||
| Sizhou | 泗州 | 泗州 | ||||
See also
- Jiangnan, a geographic concept related to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
- Yang Province, a zhou during Han dynasty, considers one of the Nine Provinces
- Jiangzhe Province, similar region during the Yuan dynasty
- Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui, the modern successors of Jiangnan Province.
Notes
- ^ Jiangning Fu, or Jiangning, now called Nanjing, was the capital of Jiangnan Province.
References
- ^ a b Johnson, Linda Cooke (1993). Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China. New York: SUNY Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780791414248.
- ^ a b Tao, Jiang (2009). "清代江南省分治问题——立足于 《清实录》 的考察". The Qing History Journal. 2 – via CNKI.
The Southern Capital (South Zhili) of Ming was renamed as Jiangnan Province in early Qing dynasty, and then was divided into the two provinces Anhui and Jiangsu. (Chinese: 明之南京 (南直隶)于清初改称江南省 , 后更一分为二, 成为安徽、 江苏二省)
- ^ a b Fu, Linxiang (2008). "The Partition of Jiangnan,Huguang and Shaanxi Provinces and the Change of the Provincial System at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty". Journal of Chinese Historical Geography. 2 – via CNKI.
- ^ Zhang, Caitian; Wang, Shuzhan; Zhou, Yanggong (1927). Draft History of Qing. Wikisource.
明為南京。清順治二年改江南省，設布政使司，置兩江總督轄江南、江西，駐江寧。
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Zhang, Caitian; Wang, Shuzhan; Zhou, Yanggong (1927). Draft History of Qing. Wikisource.
康熙元年，安徽設巡撫。三年，分江北按察使往治。五年，揚州、淮安、徐州復隸江南。六年，江南更今名，改左布政使為安徽布政使司，駐江寧。右布政使為江蘇布政使司，治蘇州。統江寧、蘇州、常州、松江、鎮江、揚州、淮安府七，徐州直隸州一。
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b "江南通志 (四庫全書本)/卷001". Wikisource (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-04-15.
- ^ "江南通志 (四庫全書本)/卷002". Wikisource (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-04-15.