Timeline of train radio in Norway
The Norwegian railway network has used two types of train radio, Scanet and GSM-R. A train radio is a mobile telecommunications network that allows a train driver, maintenance crews and other rail transport officials to communicate with a dispatcher or each other. Scanet was an analog radio system installed on the main lines, limited to electrified lines with automatic train protection, between 1995 and 1999.[1] The implementation left out many lines, which were instead covered by Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) network.[2]
The lack of a train radio on the Røros Line was a contributing factor to the Åsta accident. This spurred the demand for full coverage.[3] At the same time, the European Union required new systems to use the GSM-R standard, which will be implemented throughout Europe. GSM-R was rolled out between 2004 and 2007 and covers almost the entire network. It was also built to have 100% coverage in all tunnels, which was not achieved with Scanet. GSM-R was first rolled out on lines without Scanet, and then replaced the older system right-out.[4] Both Scanet and GSM-R consist of mobile station in the trains, base stations along the track, and a core network connected to the central traffic control centers.[1] The implementation of GSM-R cost 1.8 billion Norwegian krone.[5]
List
The following is a list of all railway lines with train radio. It includes the date of opening of the train radio, including the affected section, and the standard used. Freight-only lines are excluded from the list, even if they may have had Scanet or have GSM-R.[6][7]
Date | Line | Section | System |
---|---|---|---|
7 May 1995 | Sørlandet | Drammen–Hokksund | Scanet |
7 May 1995 | Randsfjorden | Hokksund–Hønefoss | Scanet |
17 December 1996 | Sørlandet | Sira–Stavanger | Scanet |
7 May 1997 | Drammen | Oslo S – Drammen | Scanet |
7 May 1997 | Bergen | Hønefoss–Bergen | Scanet |
16 May 1997 | Sørlandet | Hokksund–Kristiansand | Scanet |
17 December 1997 | Sørlandet | Kristiansand–Stavanger | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Gjøvik | Oslo S – Roa | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Roa–Hønefoss | Roa–Hønefoss | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Østfold | Oslo S – Kornsjø | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Trunk | Lillestrøm–Eidsvoll | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Dovre | Eidsvoll–Trondheim | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Kongsvinger | Lillestrøm–Magnor | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Vestfold | Drammen–Porsgrunn | Scanet |
9 July 1998 | Bratsberg | Nordagutu–Porsgrunn | Scanet |
8 October 1998 | Gardermoen | Lillestrøm–Eidsvoll | Scanet |
22 August 1999 | Gardermoen | Oslo S – Lillestrøm | Scanet |
15 May 2004 | Nordland | Rognan–Bodø | GSM-R |
1 December 2004 | Nordland | Trondheim S – Rognan | GSM-R |
1 December 2004 | Meråker | Hell–Storlien | GSM-R |
1 December 2004 | Stavne–Leangen | Stavne–Leangen | GSM-R |
1 December 2004 | Røros | Hamar–Støren | GSM-R |
1 December 2004 | Dovre | Dombås – Trondheim S | GSM-R |
1 May 2005 | Flåm | Myrdal–Flåm | GSM-R |
1 November 2005 | Gjøvik | Roa–Gjøvik | GSM-R |
1 November 2005 | Eastern Østfold | Ski–Sarpsborg | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Østfold | Oslo S – Kornsjø | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Gardermoen | Oslo S – Eidsvoll | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Trunk | Oslo S – Eidsvoll | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Kongsvinger | Lillestrøm–Charlottenberg | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Dovre | Eidsvoll–Dombås | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Gjøvik | Oslo S – Roa | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Drammen | Oslo S – Drammen | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Asker | Sandvika–Asker | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Spikkestad | Asker–Spikkestad | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Sørlandet | Drammen–Stavanger | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Randsfjorden | Drammen–Hønefoss | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Bergen | Hønefoss–Bergen | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Roa–Hønefoss | Roa–Hønefoss | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Vestfold | Drammen–Porsgrunn | GSM-R |
2 January 2007 | Bratsberg | Nordagutu–Porsgrunn | GSM-R |
References
- ^ a b Solberg, Bjørn Olav (1994). "Train radio system for Norwegian State Railways" (PDF). Telektronikk (4). Telenor: 73–81. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ Melsom, Jens (10 January 2002). "Kommentarer til høring– Fremtidig bruk at NMT-450 frekvensbåndene" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ Enghaug, Paul (11 February 2002). "NSBs nye togradio holder bare fem år". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 11.
- ^ "Høring – Endring av togframføringsforskriften og signalforskriften bl.a. som følge av innføring av GSM-R som togradio mv" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ "GSM-R tatt i bruk som togradio". Computer Weekly. 1 November 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ "Railway Statistics 2004" (PDF). Norwegian National Rail Administration. 2005. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ Norwegian National Rail Administration (2009). "Railway Statistics 2008" (PDF). p. 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.