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Darkness on the Edge of Town

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For other uses, see Darkness on the Edge of Town (disambiguation).

Darkness on the Edge of Town
Studio album by
Bruce Springsteen
ReleasedJune 2, 1978
RecordedJune 1, 1977 – March 15, 1978[1]
StudioAtlantic Studios and The Record Plant, New York, NY
GenreHard rock, rock, heartland rock
Length42:55
LabelColumbia
ProducerBruce Springsteen, Jon Landau, Steven Van Zandt (assistant)
Bruce Springsteen chronology
Born to Run
(1975) 		Darkness on the Edge of Town
(1978) 		The River
(1980)
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band chronology
Born to Run
(1975) 		Darkness on the Edge of Town
(1978) 		The River
(1980)
Singles from Darkness on the Edge of Town
  1. "Prove It All Night"
    Released: May 23, 1978
  2. "Badlands"
    Released: August 1978
  3. "The Promised Land"
    Released: October 1978

Darkness on the Edge of Town is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, released on June 2, 1978. The album marked the end of a three-year gap between albums brought on by contractual obligations and legal battling with former manager Mike Appel.[2]

Reviews for Darkness on the Edge of Town were overwhelmingly positive. Critics praised the maturity of the album's themes and lyrics.[3][4] It remains one of Springsteen's most highly regarded records by both fans and critics and several of its songs have become staples of Springsteen's live performances.[5][6] In 2020, it ranked at No. 91 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

Recording and production

Recovering from legal troubles and the stress of the breakthrough success of Born to Run, Springsteen recorded a somewhat less commercial album in Darkness on the Edge of Town.[7] As with the original LP's sequencing, Springsteen continued his "four corners" approach from Born to Run, as the songs beginning each side ("Badlands" and "The Promised Land") were martial rallying cries to overcome circumstances, while the songs ending each side ("Racing in the Street", "Darkness on the Edge of Town") were sad dirges of circumstances overcoming all hope.[7] Unlike Born to Run, the songs were recorded by the full band at once, frequently soon after Springsteen had written them.[7] Steven Van Zandt received a credit for production assistance for helping Springsteen tighten the arrangements.

During the Darkness sessions, Springsteen wrote or recorded many songs that he ended up not using on the album. Keeping the album's thematic feel was very important to him, and the songs piled up because the sessions continued for almost a year. An album concept named "Badlands" was prepared in October 1977, complete with album covers, but was rejected at the last minute by Springsteen, because he was not comfortable with the release, and wanted to continue recording. Sessions finally concluded in January, but mixing continued three additional months. According to Jimmy Iovine, Springsteen wrote at least 70 songs during this period, and 52 of those songs recorded were complete, with 18 not fully completed.[8] Some of the unused material became hits for other artists such as "Because the Night" for Patti Smith; "Fire" for Robert Gordon and The Pointer Sisters; "Rendezvous" for Greg Kihn; and two tracks for Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, "Hearts of Stone" and "Talk to Me". Other songs such as "Independence Day", "Drive All Night", "Ramrod", and "Sherry Darling" would turn up on Springsteen's next album, The River, while still others became bootleg classics until surfacing on Springsteen's compilations titled Tracks and The Promise.[9]

Packaging

The cover shot and inner sleeve photo were taken by photographer Frank Stefanko inside his Haddonfield, New Jersey home.[10] Springsteen said, "When I saw the picture I said, 'That's the guy in the songs.' I wanted the part of me that's still that guy to be on the cover. Frank stripped away all your celebrity and left you with your essence. That's what that record was about."[11]

Release and reception

Darkness on the Edge of Town was released on June 2, 1978. According to pop culture scholar Gillian G. Gaar, the album "wasn't quite the smash that Born to Run had been, but it fared well enough on the charts, reaching No. 5 [on the Billboard 200] and selling more than three million copies. The album's singles were only modest hits ('Prove It All Night' reached the Top 40, peaking at No. 33, and 'Badlands' climbed to No. 42)."[12] The album remained on the charts for 97 weeks[2] and was certified triple Platinum by the RIAA.[13]

Reviewing in 1978 for Rolling Stone, Dave Marsh viewed Darkness on the Edge of Town as a landmark record in rock and roll because of the clarity of its production, Springsteen's unique guitar playing, and the programming, which he said connected the characters and themes in a subtle yet cohesive manner. Marsh remarked that the subject matter of the songs fulfilled the hype that previously surrounded Springsteen: "What they've always said was that someday Bruce Springsteen would make rock & roll that would shake men's souls and make them question the direction of their lives. That would do, in short, all the marvelous things rock had always promised to do."[14] Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic in The Village Voice. He found Springsteen's narratives versatile and the characters remarkable on "Badlands", "Adam Raised a Cain", and "Promised Land", writing that they showcased "how a limited genre can illuminate a mature, full-bodied philosophical insight". He deemed other songs, particularly "Streets of Fire" and "Something in the Night", more impressionistic and overblown, revealing Springsteen to be either "an important minor artist or a very flawed and inconsistent major one".[15] In the UK, the album was ranked at No. 1 among the "Albums of the Year" for 1978 by NME.[16]

Reappraisal and legacy

Retrospective professional reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[17]
Chicago Tribune[18]
Christgau's Record GuideB+[19]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[20]
The Great Rock Discography8/10[21]
MusicHound Rock4.5/5[22]
Pitchfork9.5/10[23]
Q[24]
Rolling Stone[25]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[26]

In retrospective appraisals, Darkness on the Edge of Town has been noted for exploring "hard truths in hard rock settings". According to an essay by Springsteen scholars Kenneth Womack and Eileen Chapman revisiting the album, "Springsteen drives away from the beach and boardwalk and into the ethos of the American heartland" while influenced by punk rock and country music.[27] AllMusic's William Ruhlmann said that Springsteen began to fully realize his characters as working class on Darkness on the Edge of Town, whose "hard truths in hard rock settings" made for a less accessible work than Born to Run.[17] According to music journalist Joe Marchese, "Darkness showed that one could marry hard rock with piano and saxophone",[28] while writer Rob Kirkpatrick regarded it as "the album in which Springsteen leaves R&B behind and plants himself firmly in the world of hard rock, seventies style."[29] For Steven Hyden, it is "the first, best example of Springsteen juxtaposing rousing rock music with miniaturist, miserablist, Middle American storytelling".[30]

According to Trevor J. Levin and Edward M. Litwin of The Harvard Crimson, Darkness on the Edge of Town "perfected the heartland rock genre" that Born to Run had created—"a genre meant to embrace working class American life through its depiction of such a life as joyless and cursed."[31] In regards to "Candy's Room", Michael Hann from The Quietus said, "in the subject of the narrator's affections – a prostitute – there's punk's dalliance with transgression brought into heartland rock, but with a tenderness and adoration that punk would have struggled with".[32]

Darkness on the Edge of Town has frequently appeared on rankings of the greatest albums of all-time. According to Acclaimed Music, it is the 118th most frequently ranked record on critics' all-time lists.[21] In the opinion of Pitchfork's Mark Richardson, it "ranks with rock's classic albums".[23] In 1987, a panel of rock critics and music broadcasters were polled for Paul Gambaccini's The Top 100 Rock 'n' Roll Albums of All Time, voting Darkness the 59th best rock album.[33] In 2003, it was ranked at number 151 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, re-ranked number 150 in a 2012 revised list,[34] while rising to number 91 in a further revision in 2020.[35] An accompanying essay said it is the E Street Band's best performance, "colored by the raw sound happening at the time".[36] Ten years later, the album was ranked 109th on a similar list by NME.[37]

Reissue box set

A reissue box set was released in November 2010.[38][39][40] This had initially been planned for 2008 to mark the 30th anniversary of the original album's release but was delayed presumably due to Springsteen's numerous other 2008 projects.[41] By January 2009, Springsteen's manager, Jon Landau, was saying the project was still in the works: "When we can find six weeks to sit down and finish it I'm sure we will."[42] A documentary entitled "The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town" was produced for the box set. The documentary premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in the fall of 2010 and aired on HBO on October 7, 2010.[43] In the film's anticipation, and quoting Springsteen as saying "More than rich, more than famous, more than happy – I wanted to be great," reviewer Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger commented: "For many fans, that long journey pulled onto the Turnpike here."[44]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Bruce Springsteen

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Badlands"4:03
2."Adam Raised a Cain"4:32
3."Something in the Night"5:11
4."Candy's Room"2:51
5."Racing in the Street"6:53
Side two
No.TitleLength
1."The Promised Land"4:33
2."Factory"2:17
3."Streets of Fire"4:09
4."Prove It All Night"3:56
5."Darkness on the Edge of Town"4:30
Total length:42:55

The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story

A box set reissue entitled The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story was released on November 16, 2010.[45] The 6-disc set includes 3 CDs and 3 DVD or Blu-ray discs. This contains a remastered version of the Darkness on the Edge of Town album, a new 2-CD album, The Promise, containing 22 previously unreleased outtakes from the Darkness sessions, a documentary titled The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town, and 2 DVDs of live performances.[46][47] The deluxe box set contains an 80-page spiral-bound reproduction of Springsteen's original notebooks documenting the recording sessions for the album containing alternate lyrics, song ideas, recording details, and personal notes.[48]

The box set was in production for several years and was originally expected to be released for the 30th anniversary in 2008.[48] On August 4, 2010, it was announced that Springsteen was putting the finishing touches to the box set. The documentary received its première on September 14, 2010, at the Toronto International Film Festival.[49][50] The box set won the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.[51]

All tracks are written by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted

The Promise additional track listing
Disc one
No.TitleLength
1."Racing in the Street" (Alternate lyrics and arrangement)6:50
2."Gotta Get That Feeling"3:19
3."Outside Looking In"2:18
4."Someday (We'll Be Together)"5:38
5."One Way Street"4:20
6."Because the Night" (writers: Patti Smith, Springsteen)3:25
7."Wrong Side of the Street"3:36
8."The Brokenhearted"5:19
9."Rendezvous"2:39
10."Candy's Boy"4:39
Disc two
No.TitleLength
1."Save My Love"2:38
2."Ain't Good Enough for You"4:03
3."Fire"4:09
4."Spanish Eyes"3:50
5."It's a Shame"3:16
6."Come On (Let's Go Tonight)" (Early version of "Factory")2:20
7."Talk to Me"4:21
8."The Little Things (My Baby Does)"3:18
9."Breakaway"5:32
10."The Promise"5:54
11."City of Night" (Includes the hidden track "The Way")7:07

Personnel

The E Street Band

Technical

Charts

Weekly charts

Year Chart Position
1978 U.S. Billboard Pop Albums[52] 5
1985 U.S. Billboard 200[53] 167
2010 U.S. Billboard 200 16

Singles

Year Single Chart Position
1978 "Prove It All Night" U.S. Billboard Pop Singles[54] 33
1978 "Badlands" U.S. Billboard Pop Singles[54] 42

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[55] Platinum 100,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[56] Gold 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[57] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[58] 3× Platinum 3,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. ^ Heylin, Clinton (2012). Springsteen Song by Song A Critical Look. New York, NY: Penguin Group (USA) Inc. pp. 36–42. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Clarke, Donald. "Bruce Springsteen". Donald's Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  3. ^ Dave Marsh (July 27, 1978). "Darkness on the Edge of Town | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  4. ^ "Album: Bruce Springsteen: Darkness on the Edge of Town". Robert Christgau. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  5. ^ Mendelsohn, Jason. "Counterbalance No. 112: Bruce Springsteen's 'Darkness on the Edge of Town'". PopMatters. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  6. ^ Bowling, David (November 5, 2008). "Music Review: Bruce Springsteen – Darkness On The Edge Of Town". Blogcritics. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Fricke, David (January 21, 2009). "The Band on Bruce: Their Springsteen". rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
  8. ^ "Read Jimmy Iovine's USC Commencement Speech (Video)". Hollywoodreporter.com. May 19, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  9. ^ Thom Jurek (November 16, 2010). "The Promise – Bruce Springsteen | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  10. ^ Varga, George (June 12, 2005). "'Frank Stefanko' an Exhibit that the Boss is sure to like". UNION-TRIBUNE Pop Music Critic. The San Diego Union-Tribune, LLC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  11. ^ "Bruce Springsteen Credits 'Darkness' Photographer For Capturing Album's Spirit". KSHE 95. September 30, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  12. ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (2016). Boss: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band - The Illustrated History. Voyageur Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-0760351277.
  13. ^ "Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – February 20, 2014". RIAA. Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  14. ^ Marsh, Dave (July 27, 1978). "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Rolling Stone. New York. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  15. ^ Christgau, Robert (June 26, 1978). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  16. ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year". NME. 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  17. ^ a b Ruhlmann, William. Darkness on the Edge of Town at AllMusic. Retrieved July 8, 2004.
  18. ^ Kot, Greg (August 23, 1992). "The Recorded History of Springsteen". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  19. ^ Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: S". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved March 13, 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
  20. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Bruce Springsteen". Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0857125958.
  21. ^ a b "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  22. ^ Graff, Gary (1996). "Bruce Springsteen". In Graff, Gary (ed.). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 0787610372.
  23. ^ a b Richardson, Mark (November 17, 2010). "Bruce Springsteen: The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story / The Promise Album Review". Pitchfork. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  24. ^ Williams, Richard (December 1989). "All or Nothing: The Springsteen back catalogue". Q. p. 149.
  25. ^ Rolling Stone. New York: 68. March 20, 2003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  26. ^ Sheffield, Rob (2004). "Bruce Springsteen". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. London: Fireside. pp. 771–773. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Portions posted at "Bruce Springsteen > Album Guide". rollingstone.com. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
  27. ^ Chapman, Eileen; Womack, Kenneth (2019). "Bruce Springsteen's Darkness on the Edge of Town: Hard Truths in Hard Rock Settings". Interdisciplinary Literary Studies. 21 (1). Penn State University Press: 1–3. doi:10.5325/intelitestud.21.1.0001. JSTOR 10.5325/intelitestud.21.1.0001. S2CID 194273496.
  28. ^ Marchese, Joe (November 29, 2010). "Review: Bruce Springsteen, "The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story"". The Second Disc. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  29. ^ Kirkpatrick, Rob (2007). The Words and Music of Bruce Springsteen. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 56. ISBN 978-0275989385.
  30. ^ Hyden, Steven (January 7, 2014). "Overrated, Underrated, or Properly Rated: Bruce Springsteen". Grantland. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  31. ^ Levin, Trevor L.; Litwin, Edward M. "'Darkness on the Edge of Town': The Sound of Authenticity". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  32. ^ Hann, Michael (June 4, 2018). "40 Years On: Bruce Springsteen's Darkness On The Edge Of Town". The Quietus. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  33. ^ "Bruce Springsteen – Darkness on the Edge of Town". SuperSeventies. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  34. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time". Rolling Stone. 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  35. ^ "Darkness on the Edge of Town ranked 91st greatest album by Rolling Stone magazine". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  36. ^ Rolling Stone. New York: 131. December 11, 2003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  37. ^ Barker, Emily (October 25, 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time: 200-101". NME. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  38. ^ "Springsteen News". Backstreets.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  39. ^ Andy Greene (June 29, 2010). "Darkness' Reissue To Include Unheard Springsteen Tunes | Music News". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  40. ^ "Consequence of Sound". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  41. ^ "Springsteen News Archive Jan 2009". Backstreets.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  42. ^ "Information Not Found". Billboard.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  43. ^ Zimny, Thom (2009). "The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town". tiff.com. Thrill Hill Productions. Archived from the original on August 16, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  44. ^ Whitty, Stephen (September 13, 2010). "Toronto Film Festival Day Four: Bruce Springsteen's 'Promise'". Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  45. ^ brucespringsteen.net Darkness Box News Archived January 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ "Columbia Records to release Bruce Springsteen's 'The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story' Nov. 16". www.brucespringsteen.net. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
  47. ^ "Springsteen Announces Massive 'Darkness' Set". Rolling Stone. August 26, 2010. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
  48. ^ a b "Bruce Springsteen to Release Darkness on the Edge of Town CD/DVD Box Set | News". Pitchfork. August 26, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  49. ^ "Springsteen Debuts 'Darkness' Documentary". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  50. ^ Friedman, Roger (September 15, 2010). "Springsteen's Big Night in Toronto Has Lots of "Promise"". Showbiz 411. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  51. ^ Haines, Anne (December 1, 2011). "Another Grammy nomination for Springsteen | Blogness on the Edge of Town Massachusetts". Blogs.wickedlocal.com. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  52. ^ "Tracklisting the Single-Album Version of Bruce Springsteen's The River/The Ties That Bind That Could've, Should've Been". Vulture. December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  53. ^ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (March 16, 1985). "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved November 8, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  54. ^ a b "Bruce Springsteen - Chart history | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  55. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Darkness on the Edge of Town". Music Canada.
  56. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Darkness on the Edge of Town" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter Darkness on the Edge of Town in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  57. ^ "British album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Darkness on the Edge of Town". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Darkness on the Edge of Town in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  58. ^ "American album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Darkness on the Edge of Town". Recording Industry Association of America.
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