Spirotaenia

Spirotaenia
	Spirotaenia condensata
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Archaeplastida
Kingdom:	Viridiplantae
Genus:	Spirotaenia; Brébisson 1848
Type species
	Spirotaenia condensata; Brébisson 1848
Synonyms
	Entospira Kuntze 1898; Endospira Brébisson 1850;

Spirotaenia is a genus of basal green algae that may be sister to the Chlorokybophyceae.^[1] It was previously considered to be part of the Zygnemataceae. It is sexually conjugating, a mode of reproduction that was previously only known in the Zygnemataceae/Mesotaeniaceae, the sister groups to the land plants. This is surprising, as Spirotaenia is much more basal. The conjugating process is substantially aberrant.^{[further explanation needed]}^[2]^[3] Spirotaenia may actually be more than one distinct lineage which may not be closely related.^[4]

Phylogeny

Archaeplastida

Rhodophyta (red algae)

Glaucophyta (glaucophyte algae)

Viridiplantae

Mesostigmatophyta:
Mesostigmatophyceae

	Chlorokybophyceae

	Spirotaenia

	Charophyceae (stoneworts)

	Embryophytes

groups
traditionally
included in
the "algae"

References

^ Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Ruhfel, Brad R.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2018). "Plastid phylogenomic analysis of green plants: A billion years of evolutionary history". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1048. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 29603143.
^ Brook, Alan J. (1981). The Biology of Desmids. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520042810.
^ Gontcharov, Andrey A.; Melkonian, Michael (2004). "Unusual position of the genus Spirotaenia (Zygnematophyceae) among streptophytes revealed by SSU rDNA and rbcL sequence comparisons". Phycologia. 43 (1): 105–113. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.539.2139. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-43-1-105.1. ISSN 0031-8884. S2CID 51945556.
^ COESEL, PETER; VANHOOF, ANDRÉ; MEESTERS, KOOS (2017-12-01). "Zygospore morphology in the conjugating green alga Spirotaenia diplohelica (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae)". Phytotaxa. 329 (3): 284. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.10. ISSN 1179-3163.

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[1] Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Ruhfel, Brad R.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2018). "Plastid phylogenomic analysis of green plants: A billion years of evolutionary history". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1048. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 29603143.

[2] Brook, Alan J. (1981). The Biology of Desmids. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520042810.

[3] Gontcharov, Andrey A.; Melkonian, Michael (2004). "Unusual position of the genus Spirotaenia (Zygnematophyceae) among streptophytes revealed by SSU rDNA and rbcL sequence comparisons". Phycologia. 43 (1): 105–113. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.539.2139. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-43-1-105.1. ISSN 0031-8884. S2CID 51945556.

[4] COESEL, PETER; VANHOOF, ANDRÉ; MEESTERS, KOOS (2017-12-01). "Zygospore morphology in the conjugating green alga Spirotaenia diplohelica (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae)". Phytotaxa. 329 (3): 284. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.10. ISSN 1179-3163.

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