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Air Assault Badge

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Air Assault Badge
TypeBadge
StatusCurrently awarded
Established1974
Precedence
Next (higher)Pathfinder Badge
Next (lower)Aviation Badges[1]

The Air Assault Badge[2] is awarded by the U.S. Army for successful completion of the Air Assault School. The course includes three phases of instruction involving U.S. Army rotary wing aircraft: combat air assault operations; rigging and slingloading operations; and rappelling from a helicopter.

According to the United States Army Institute of Heraldry, "The Air Assault Badge was approved by the Chief of Staff, Army, on 18 January 1978, for Army-wide wear by individuals who successfully completed Air Assault training after 1 April 1974. The badge had previously been approved as the Airmobile Badge authorized for local wear by the Commander of the 101st Airborne Division, effective 1 April 1974."[3] The division had been reorganized from parachute to airmobile in mid-1968 in Vietnam and designated the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile). The parenthetical designation changed to Air Assault on 4 October 1974 and the name of the badge was likewise changed.[4]

History

Original Air Assault Badge
LTG (R) Hal Moore wearing the original Air Assault Badge

On 7 February 1963, the colors of the 11th Airborne Division were reactivated at Fort Benning, GA, as the 11th Air Assault Division (Test). The 11th was a small unit, never intended for deployable status, and used to test the airmobile concept then under development. Units of the 2d Infantry Division, also located at Fort Benning, were “borrowed” for large-scale airmobile tests and maneuvers.

An earlier Air Assault Badge, pictured on the right, was worn in the early 1960s by troops of 11th who qualified for it by making three helicopter rappels from 60 feet (18 m) and three from 120 feet (37 m).[5] Soldiers were also required to be knowledgeable of aircraft safety procedures; familiar with aircraft orientation; proficient in hand and arm signals and combat assault operations; able to prepare, inspect and rig equipment for external sling loads; and able to lash down equipment inside helicopters. The badge was first awarded in early 1964 and was only authorized for wear by soldiers within the 11th, as it was a division award and not authorized for Army-wide wear by the Department of the Army.[6][7][citation needed]

On 30 June 1965 the 11th Air Assault Division was inactivated and its assets merged with the 2d Infantry Division to become the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). The colors of the 2d Infantry Division were sent to Korea where the existing 1st Cavalry Division was reflagged as 2d Infantry Division and the colors of the 1st Cavalry Division sent to Fort Benning. Shortly thereafter the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) was sent to Vietnam.

Maj. Jack R. Rickman is credited with the design of the Air Assault Badge when he was in 1971 on tour with the 101st Airborne Division in Vietnam. He thought little of the outcome of the design assignment, given to him by a division operations officer, which the Army adopted officially in January 1978. He was made aware of his part in the badge design years later when he recognized his design work seen in a published photograph. He never earned a badge himself.[8]

The design was influenced by the Parachutist Badge[9] worn when the division was on jump status, as well as the Glider Badge[10] worn by glider units during World War II. Charles Bloodworth, a pathfinder officer in the 101st during the early 1970s, wrote, "Locally designed and fabricated, the badge was deliberately crafted to mimic the glider wings of WWII. The nose of the Huey took the place of the glider body, and the horizontal rotor blade was the spitting image of the glider wing."[11] [citation needed]

The 101st returned from Vietnam to Fort Campbell, Kentucky and the 173rd Airborne Brigade was inactivated with its assets transferred to form the division's 3rd Brigade, at the time was on jump status. The remainder of the division was organized as Airmobile. In February 1974, Major General Sidney B. Berry, Commanding General, signed Division General Order 179 authorizing the wearing of the Airmobile Badge effective 1 April 1974, the same date that the 3rd Brigade would terminate its jump status.

Bloodworth describes the transition of the post-war division to fully Air Assault and the adoption of the Air Assault Badge in his article titled, "History of the 101st (Post-Vietnam)."[12]

Training

Main article: United States Army Air Assault School
Student at Fort Hood traverse one of the obstacles during Day Zero.
Students at Fort Riley rehearse maneuvers during Combat Assault Phase.
Students at Fort Hood brace against the propwash of a UH-60 Black Hawk as they prepare to attach a slingload during one of the course's practical exercises.
Students at Camp Gruber practice rappelling from a UH-60 Black Hawk.

According to the U.S. Army's "goarmy.com" website, the Air Assault School consists of the following phases of training:[13]

  • Day Zero: Candidates must successfully complete an obstacle course and a two-mile run before they are officially considered “Air Assault Students.”
  • Day One: Candidates will undergo a six-mile march, followed by a strict inspection.
  • Combat Assault Phase: During this three-day phase, candidates will learn aircraft safety and orientation, along with the principles of aero-medical evacuation, pathfinder operations, and combat assault operations among several other topics. Soldiers will be given a written and “hands-on” test following this phase.
  • Slingload Operations: During the second three-day phase of Air Assault School, candidates will learn how to rig equipment onto rotary aircraft with a sling, an operation that generally requires the loading soldier to hook a tether to the underbelly of a helicopter hovering just a few feet above the ground. Typical loads can range anywhere from 1,000 to 8,000 pounds. Trainees must pass a written and hands-on test before moving to the next phase.
  • Rappelling Phase: In the third and final three-day phase of Air Assault training, soldiers receive basic instruction on ground and aircraft rappelling procedures. By the end of the phase, trainees must complete two rappels from a 34-foot tower and two rappels from a UH-60, hovering at 70-90 feet.
  • Graduation Day: Soldiers must complete a 12-mile foot march in full gear plus a rucksack in less than three hours. Graduates are awarded the Air Assault Badge and the "2B" Additional Skill Identifier (ASI) upon completion of the march.

Training locations

Formal air assault training has been conducted at Fort Campbell, Kentucky by the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) since the Air Assault School was formed in 1974. During the early stages of the occupation of Iraq in late 2003, the division conducted a course in-theater to maintain Air Assault proficiency.[14]

Air Assault training is also offered by the Army National Guard (ARNG) Warrior Training Center[15] at Fort Benning, which conducts training both at the post and at a variety of other locations throughout the United States[16] by means of Mobile Training Teams.

A III Corps Air Assault School was announced for Fort Hood that was to start in June 2012.[17] The first class of the XVIII Airborne Corps Air Assault School at Fort Bragg, NC graduated on October 4, 2013[18]

Air assault training has also been conducted for varying durations of time at other locations, although most do not currently do so (2013):

Wearing of the badge

The wearing of the Air Assault Badge on Army uniforms is governed by DA PAM 670-1, "Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia." Under this DA PAM, the Air Assault Badge is defined as a Group 4 precedence special skill badge which governs its wear in relation to other combat and special skill badges and tabs.[44] The basic eligibility criteria for the badge consist of satisfactory completion of an air assault training course in accordance with the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command's standardized Air Assault Core Program of Instruction or completion of a standard Air Assault Course while assigned or attached to the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) since 1 April 1974.[1]

Vietnam veterans of the 101st Airborne Division and 1st Cavalry Division have sought the retroactive award of the Air Assault Badge for their training and pioneering experience in combat, but the Army has yet to grant their request.[45]

Background trimmings

Air Assault Badge with background trimming of 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division

When the 101st Airborne Division was converted to air assault, it adopted the wear of the cloth background trimming (ovals) that are used to identify active airborne units --that is worn behind the U.S. Army's Parachutist Badge-- vice those who have earn their Parachutist Badge but are not assigned to an active airborne unit. According to DA PAM 670-1, "a background trimming is authorized for organizations designated (by structure, equipment and mission) 'Airborne' or 'Air Assault' by Headquarters, Department of the Army. Qualified personnel are authorized to wear the background trimming with the Parachutist Badge or Air Assault Badge."[44] The following are background trimmings authorized for wear behind the Air Assault Badge but does not include all background trimmings authorized by the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry:

Background trimmings have been denied by the US Army Institute of Heraldry to other units with a parenthetical designation of “Air Assault” such as the California Army National Guard's 1st Battalion, 184th Infantry Regiment. The rationale given by The Institute of Heraldry was that units outside of the 101st Airborne Division did not have an "air assault mission." The reason various ARNG units were organized according to the Air Assault Modified Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE) was because such units were authorized fewer personnel and less equipment, thus making them less expensive to operate and maintain. They were not organized with actual air assault missions in mind.[46][47]

Air Force wear

All of the military services can and do send personnel to the U.S. Army's Air Assault School, but only the Air Force allows for the Air Assault Badge to be worn on the uniform. For several decades only USAF personnel attached to the 101st Airborne Division were allowed to wear the badge, and only at that duty assignment, paralleling US Army policy from 1974 to 1978 for Army soldiers; however, as of the 17 January 2014 update to AFI36-2903 (USAF uniform regulations), U.S. Air Force personnel are authorized to wear the Air Assault Badge along with other special skill badges they have earned through the other Uniformed Services. This means that only the Army and the Air Force authorize their personnel to wear the Air Assault Badge on their uniforms upon graduation of the Air Assault Course.[48][49][50][51]

The Army's Air Assault Badge is not authorized for wear on uniforms of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, or U.S. Coast Guard.[52][53][54]

References

  1. ^ a b Army Regulation 600-8-22 Military Awards, dated 25 June 2015, last accessed 15 July 2017
  2. ^ TIOH page
  3. ^ "Department Of The Army". Airassault.bizhosting.com. 1974-02-01. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  4. ^ John Pike. "101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  5. ^ "Original Air Assault Badge". Ranger25.com. 1963-02-15. Archived from the original on 2013-04-30. Retrieved 2013-04-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "HQ's Captain's page". Jumpingmustangs.com. 1963-02-15. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  7. ^ "Vietnam Helicopter insignia and artifacts - Air Assault". Vhpamuseum.org. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  8. ^ Army Times, 16 March 1981.
  9. ^ "U.S. Army Badges > Parachutists Badges". Tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil. Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2013-04-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "U.S. Army Badges > Glider Badge". Tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil. 1944-06-02. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  11. ^ "Post Vietnam - Air Assualt [sic] Badge". idcreator.com. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
  12. ^ History of the 101st (Post-Vietnam), airassault.bizhosting.com, last accessed 15 May 2017
  13. ^ Lifestyle, Air Assault School, goarmy.com, last accessed 15 May 2017
  14. ^ Kendra Helmer. "Air assault students don't let studies slip - News". Stripes. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  15. ^ a b "Warrior Training Center's Air Assault Course prepares students for combat operations | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2010-12-10. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  16. ^ "ATRRS Course Catalog". Atrrs.army.mil. 2003-12-10. Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2013-04-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Air Assault completes validation, set for opening in June - News". Fort Hood Sentinel. 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  18. ^ "Fort Bragg graduates first air assault school class". Paraglide. 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  19. ^ https://www.armytimes.com/articles/troops-earn-their-wings-at-the-armys-first-air-assault-course-in-kuwait
  20. ^ "Army training, sir! | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  21. ^ "National Guard News - Missouri Guard holds its first air assault course". Nationalguard.mil. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  22. ^ Marks, Jay F. (2006-04-07). "Obstacle course returns to Camp Gruber". News OK. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  23. ^ "DVIDS - News - Air Assault Course increase 2ID capabilities". Dvidshub.net. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  24. ^ "Air Assault in Germany". Military.com. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  25. ^ "Air Assault! Separating weak from strong | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  26. ^ "Students attend first Air Assault School held in Europe in 5 years | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2010-05-07. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  27. ^ "Warrior Training Center produces tough Guard Soldiers | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  28. ^ Fort Bliss MONITOR. "'Air assault!': 191 servicemembers earn their wings | Fort Bliss Monitor". Fbmonitor.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2013-04-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Soldiers learn essential combat skills during Air Assault School | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  30. ^ "Fort Drum community recognizes Air Assault School graduates | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2011-06-30. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  31. ^ "Air Assault Course comes to Fort Hood - News". Fort Hood Sentinel. 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  32. ^ "Soldiers complete first cycle of new Fort Hood Air Assault Course | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  33. ^ "Fort Hood air assault training starts Saturday - News". Fort Hood Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  34. ^ "Fort Hood Soldiers, Airmen earn their wings - News". Fort Hood Sentinel. 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  35. ^ "Fort Indiantown Gap hosts inaugural air assault course". Army News Service. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
  36. ^ [1] Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "Fort Riley hosts Air Assault training | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  38. ^ "Air Assault in Germany - Topic". Forums.military.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-04-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Kakesako, Gregg K. (2005-12-18). "StarBulletin.com | News | /2005/12/18/". Archives.starbulletin.com. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  40. ^ haw (2010-11-19). "84th Eng. Bn. helps bring Air Assault Course back to Hawaii". Hawaii Army Weekly. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  41. ^ "CAB Soldiers assault through air assault course | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  42. ^ http://www.hawaiiarmyweekly.com/2013/01/25/air-assault-at-east-range-graduates-188-soldiers-airmen/
  43. ^ http://fortcampbellcourier.com/gallery/photos_from_the_paper/collection_671f088a-3402-11e6-a1aa-0f01c3d8fc34.html
  44. ^ a b Department of the Army Pamphlet 670–1: Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia, US Army, dated 25 May 2017, last accessed 15 July 2017
  45. ^ "History". Airassault.bizhosting.com. 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  46. ^ John Pike. "1-184th Infantry (Air Assault)". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  47. ^ A letter dated 1 April 2004 from Colonel Paris M. Mack, Chief, R&R Task Force, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G-1 to Lieutenant Colonel Steven Goff, Commander, 1st Battalion, 184th Infantry.
  48. ^ U.S. Air Force Instruction 36-2903: Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel, Secretary of the Air Force, dated 17 January 2014, last accessed 20 June 2014
  49. ^ AF uniform policy update: welcome back morale T-shirts, badges and limitless athletic shoes, U.S. Air Force News, dated 20 January 2014, last accessed 20 June 2014
  50. ^ Airmen Vie for Slots in Army Air Assault Course, U.S. Air Force Official Website, dated 7 February 2011, last accessed 20 June 2014
  51. ^ Official USAF Photo of Maj. Creel at Distinguished Flying Cross award ceremony wearing an Air Assault Badge on his USAF Service Dress Uniform Archived January 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Air Force Official Website, posted: 18 May 2012, last accessed 11 January 2014
  52. ^ Navy Uniform Regulations, Chapter 5, updated 24 March 2011, last accessed 3 August 2013
  53. ^ Marine Corps Uniform Regulation P1020.34, Chapter 4 Archived October 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, updated 29 October 2009, last accessed 3 August 2013
  54. ^ Coast Guard Uniform Regulation, M1020.6G[permanent dead link‍], updated March 2012, last accessed 3 August 2013


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