Alice Holland, Countess of Kent

For other people named Alice FitzAlan, see Alice FitzAlan.

Alice FitzAlan
Lady Holland Countess of Kent Lady of the Garter
Arundel Castle, birthplace of Lady Alice FitzAlan and her siblings
Born	1350 Arundel Castle, Sussex, England
Died	17 March 1416 (aged 66)
Noble family	Fitzalan
Spouse(s)	Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
Issue	Alianore Holland, Countess of March Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey John Holland Richard Holland Elizabeth Holland Joan Holland, Duchess of York Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury Bridget Holland
Father	Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel
Mother	Eleanor of Lancaster

Alice Holland, Countess of Kent (c. 1350 – 17 March 1416), LG, formerly Lady Alice FitzAlan, was an English noblewoman, a daughter of the 10th Earl of Arundel, and the wife of the 2nd Earl of Kent, the half-brother of King Richard II. As the maternal grandmother of Anne Mortimer, she was an ancestor of King Edward IV and King Richard III, as well as King Henry VII and the Tudor dynasty through her daughter Margaret Holland. She was also the maternal grandmother of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland.

She was appointed a Lady of the Garter in 1388.

Family

Lady Alice FitzAlan was born circa 1350 at Arundel Castle in Sussex, England, the second daughter of the 10th Earl of Arundel, and Lady Eleanor of Lancaster. She had six siblings who included Richard FitzAlan, later 11th Earl of Arundel, and Lady Joan FitzAlan, later Countess of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton. She also had three half-siblings from her parents' previous marriages.

Her paternal grandparents were the 9th Earl of Arundel and Alice de Warenne, and her maternal grandparents were the 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth.

Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland was a granddaughter of Lady Alice FitzAlan

Marriage and issue

In 1354, at the age of four, Lady Alice was betrothed to her father's ward Edmund Mortimer who would in 1360 become the 3rd Earl of March. The marriage however did not take place. Alice married instead on 10 April 1364, 2nd Earl of Kent, one of the half-brothers of the future King Richard II by his mother Joan of Kent's first marriage to Thomas Lord Holland. She received from her father a marriage portion of 4000 marks. Upon her marriage, she was styled Lady Holland. She did not, however, become Countess of Kent until 1381, when her husband succeeded his father as Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent.

Lord Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine in 1366, and in 1375, he was made a Knight of the Garter. Two years later in 1377, his half-brother Richard succeeded to the throne of England, as King Richard II. Alice's husband would become one of the young King's chief counsellors and exert a strong influence over his brother which led to the enrichment of Thomas and Alice. Alice was appointed a Lady of the Garter, an order of chivalry, in 1388.

Together Thomas and Alice had ten children:

• Alianore Holland (1373- October 1405), married firstly Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, by whom she had issue, including Anne Mortimer and Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March; she married secondly, Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton, by whom she had two daughters.
• Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey (1374- 7 January 1400), married Joan Stafford, but the marriage was childless.
• John Holland (died young)
• Richard Holland (died young)
• Elizabeth Holland (died 4 January 1423), married Sir John Neville, Lord Neville by whom she had issue.
• Joan Holland (1380- 12 April 1434), married firstly as his second wife, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York; married secondly William de Willoughby, 5th Lord Willoughby de Eresby; married thirdly Henry le Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, her fourth husband was Henry Bromflete, 1st Lord Vessy. All her marriages were childless.
• Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (6 January 1384 – 15 September 1408), married Lucia Visconti (1372-14 April 1424), but the marriage was childless. He fathered an illegitimate daughter Eleanor de Holland (born 1406), by his mistress Constance of York.
• Margaret Holland (1385- 30 December 1439), married firstly John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, by whom she had issue including John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland; she married secondly Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence.
• Eleanor Holland (1386- after 1413), married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, by whom she had one daughter, Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury.
• Bridget Holland (died before 1416), a nun at Barking Abbey.

Later years

Alice's husband died on 25 April 1397. In 1399, King Richard was deposed, and the throne was usurped by Henry IV, the son-in-law of her elder sister, Joan. In January 1400, Alice's eldest son Thomas, who had succeeded his father as the 3rd Earl of Kent, was captured at Cirencester and beheaded without a trial by a mob of angry citizens as a consequence of having been one of the chief conspirators in the Epiphany Rising. The rebels had hoped to seize and murder King Henry, and immediately restore King Richard to the throne. Less than three years earlier, her brother Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and a Lord Appellant had been executed for his opposition to King Richard.

Alice herself died on 17 March 1416 at the age of sixty-six years.

Descendants

Alice had many illustrious descendants which included English kings Edward IV, Richard III (and his consort Queen Anne), Henry VII; from the latter of whom descended the Tudor monarchs. Alice was also an ancestress of Scottish king James II of Scotland and his successors which included Mary, Queen of Scots and James I of England. Her other notable descendants include the last queen consort of Henry VIII, Catherine Parr; Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick known in history as Warwick the Kingmaker; Cecily Bonville; Isabel Ingoldisthorpe, wife of John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu; John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, and Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier. Living descendants of Alice Fitzalan include the current British Royal Family.

Ancestry

Family of Alice Holland, Countess of Kent

John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel Isabella Mortimer Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel Thomas I of Saluzzo Alice of Saluzzo Luigia di Ceva Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey William de Warenne Alice le Brun de Lusignan Alice de Warenne Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford Joan de Vere Alice de Sanford Alice FitzAlan Henry III of England Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster Eleanor of Provence Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Robert I of Artois Blanche of Artois Matilda of Brabant Eleanor of Lancaster Patrick de Chaworth Sir Patrick de Chaworth, Lord of Kidwelly Hawise de Londres Maud Chaworth William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick Isabella de Beauchamp Maud FitzJohn