Amphibamidae

Amphibamidae; Temporal range: Late Carboniferous–Early Triassic, 307–248 Ma ; Possible descendant taxon Lissamphibia survives to present. PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Amphibamus grandiceps
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Temnospondyli
Clade:	†Amphibamiformes
Family:	†Amphibamidae; Moodie, 1916
Subgroups
	See text.
Synonyms
	Doleserpetontidae Bolt, 1969;

Amphibamidae is an extinct family of dissorophoid euskelian temnospondyls. The earliest amphibamids, such as Amphibamus, are known from Late Carboniferous strata in the United States^[1] and the Czech Republic,^[2] while the last known amphibamid, Micropholis, is known from the Early Triassic Karoo Basin of South Africa. According to some phylogenetic studies, modern amphibians, including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, may have descended from a common ancestor that was an amphibamid.

Classification

Cladogram from Schoch and Rubidge (2005):^[3]

Amphibamidae

Micropholis

Eoscopus

Platyrhinops

	Doleserpeton

	Amphibamus

Cladogram from Huttenlocker et al. (2007):^[4]

Amphibamidae

Platyrhinops

	Amphibamus

	Doleserpeton

Eoscopus

"Tersomius" mosesi

"Tersomius" sp.

	Plemmyradytes

	Micropholis

Cladogram from Fröbisch and Reisz (2008):^[5]

Amphibamidae

	Gerobatrachus

	Amphibamus

Tersomius

	Micropholis

	Pasawioops

Cladogram from Schoch (2009):^[6]

Amphibamidae

Tersomius

	Pasawioops

	Micropholis

	Amphibamus

	Gerobatrachus

Relationship to Batrachia

Amphibamidae contains the genus Gerobatrachus, which has been interpreted as the sister taxon of Batrachia, the modern amphibians.^[7] Below is a modified cladogram from Anderson et al. (2008) showing Batrachia nested in Amphibamidae, with Gerobatrachus as the sister taxon of Batrachia:^[7]

Amphibamidae

	Tersomius

	Micropholis

Gerobatrachus

Batrachia

	Anura

	Triadobatrachus

	Caudata

	Albanerpetontidae

The cladistic analysis of Anderson et al. (2008) supported the "polyphyly hypothesis" of modern amphibian ancestry, whereby some extant amphibian groups are descendants of temnospondyls while others are descendants of lepospondyls, another large group of Paleozoic amphibians.^[8] Caecilians were nested within Lepospondyli, making Lissamphibia polyphyletic.

References

^ Clack, Jennifer A. (27 June 2012). Gaining Ground, Second Edition: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods. Indiana University Press. pp. 346–8. ISBN 0-253-00537-X. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
^ Andrew R. Milner and Sandra E.K. Sequeira (2003). "Revision of the amphibian genus Limnerpeton (Temnospondyli) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 48 (1): 123–141.
^ Schoch, R.R.; Rubidge, B.S. (2005). "The amphibamid Micropholis from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 502–522. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0502:TAMFTL]2.0.CO;2.
^ Huttenlocker, A.K.; Pardo, J.D.; Small, B.J. (2007). "Plemmyradytes shintoni, gen. et. sp. nov., an Early Permian Amphibamid (Temnospondyli:Dissorophoidea) from the Eskridge Formation, Nebraska". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 316–328. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[316:PSGESN]2.0.CO;2.
^ Fröbisch, N.B.; Reisz, R.R. (2008). "A new Lower Permian amphibamid (Dissorophoidea, Temnospondyli) from the fissure fill deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (4): 1015–1030. doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1015.
^ Frobisch, N. B.; Schoch, R. R. (2009). "Testing the Impact of Miniaturization on Phylogeny: Paleozoic Dissorophoid Amphibians". Systematic Biology. 58 (3): 312–327. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp029. ISSN 1063-5157.
^ ^a ^b Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S. (2008). "A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7194): 515–518. doi:10.1038/nature06865. PMID 18497824.
^ Marjanović, D.; Laurin, M. (2009). "A closer look at published data matrices reveals support for the "lepospondyl hypothesis" on the origin of Lissamphibia" (PDF). Abstracts from the 7th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists: 45.

External links

Amphibamidae in the Paleobiology Database

[Clack2012-1] Clack, Jennifer A. (27 June 2012). Gaining Ground, Second Edition: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods. Indiana University Press. pp. 346–8. ISBN 0-253-00537-X. Retrieved 17 June 2015.

[Limnerpeton-2] Andrew R. Milner and Sandra E.K. Sequeira (2003). "Revision of the amphibian genus Limnerpeton (Temnospondyli) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 48 (1): 123–141.

[SR05-3] Schoch, R.R.; Rubidge, B.S. (2005). "The amphibamid Micropholis from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 502–522. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0502:TAMFTL]2.0.CO;2.

[HPS07-4] Huttenlocker, A.K.; Pardo, J.D.; Small, B.J. (2007). "Plemmyradytes shintoni, gen. et. sp. nov., an Early Permian Amphibamid (Temnospondyli:Dissorophoidea) from the Eskridge Formation, Nebraska". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 316–328. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[316:PSGESN]2.0.CO;2.

[FR08-5] Fröbisch, N.B.; Reisz, R.R. (2008). "A new Lower Permian amphibamid (Dissorophoidea, Temnospondyli) from the fissure fill deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (4): 1015–1030. doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1015.

[FrobischSchoch2009-6] Frobisch, N. B.; Schoch, R. R. (2009). "Testing the Impact of Miniaturization on Phylogeny: Paleozoic Dissorophoid Amphibians". Systematic Biology. 58 (3): 312–327. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp029. ISSN 1063-5157.

[ARFS08-7] Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S. (2008). "A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7194): 515–518. doi:10.1038/nature06865. PMID 18497824.

[ML09-8] Marjanović, D.; Laurin, M. (2009). "A closer look at published data matrices reveals support for the "lepospondyl hypothesis" on the origin of Lissamphibia" (PDF). Abstracts from the 7th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists: 45.

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