Annona reticulata
Annona reticulata | |
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Custard Apple or Wild Sweetsop | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
(unranked): | |
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Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Species: | A. reticulata
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Binomial name | |
Annona reticulata | |
Native range of A. reticulata | |
Synonyms | |
Annona lutescens Saff.[1] |
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Energy | 423 kJ (101 kcal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25.2 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dietary fiber | 2.4 g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0.6 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.7 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[2] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[3] |
Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae.[4] It is best known for its fruit, called custard apple, a common name it shares with fruits of several other species in the same genus: A. cherimola[5] and A. squamosa[6] or sometimes it is called wild-sweetsop, bull's heart, bullock's-heart, or ox-heart. The flavor of the fruit is sweet and pleasant, but less popular than that of A. cherimola.
Description
It is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree reaching 8 metres (26 ft) to 10 metres (33 ft) tall with an open, irregular crown.[7]
- Stems and leaves
- The slender leaves are hairless, straight and pointed at the apex (in some varieties wrinkled), 10 centimetres (3.9 in) to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long and 2 centimetres (0.79 in) to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) wide.[7]
- Flowers
- The yellow-green flowers are generally in clusters of three or four 2 centimetres (0.79 in) to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) diameter, with three long outer petals and three very small inner ones.[7]
- Fruits and reproduction
- The fruits varies in :shape, heart-shaped, spherical, oblong or irregular. The size ranges from 7 centimetres (2.8 in) to 12 centimetres (4.7 in), depending on the cultivar. When ripe, the fruit is brown or yellowish, with red highlights and a varying degree of reticulation, depending again on the variety. The flesh varies from juicy and very aromatic to hard with a repulsive taste.[7] The flavor is sweet and pleasant, akin to the taste of 'traditional' custard.
Distribution and habitat
Possibly a native of the Caribbean[8] and Central America,[1] Annona reticulata is now pantropical[8] and can be found growing between altitudes of 0 metres (0 ft) to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) in areas of Central America that have alternating seasons.[7] It is cultivated in many tropical countries, and also occurs as feral populations in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, Taiwan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Australia, and Africa.
Cultivated and naturalized[8] in many parts of the world including Southeast Asia, Taiwan, India (Hindi - Ramphal), Australia, and West Africa.
- Native
- Nearctic:
- Central Mexico: Veracruz
- Neotropic:
- Central America: Belize, Chiapas, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
- Caribbean: Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Jamaica, Cuba
- Northern South America: Guyana, Venezuela
- Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
- Western South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Paraguay[1][9]
See also
- Atemoya (a cross of A. squamosa and A. cherimola)
- Cherimoya (Annona cherimola)
- Pawpaw (Asimina spp.)
- Soursop (Annona muricata)
- Sugar-apple (Annona squamosa)
References
- ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (11 July 1997). "Taxon: Annona reticulata L." Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "PLANTS Profile, Annona reticulata L." The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (11 July 1997). "Taxon: Annona cherimola Mill". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (11 July 1997). "Taxon: Annona squamosa L." Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Mahdeem, H. (5 July 1998). "Annona reticulata". Neglected Crops. Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Aluka. "Entry for Annona reticulata Linn. [family ANNONACEAE]". African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ Bioversity International. "Result set for: Annonaceae Annona reticulata". New World Fruits Database. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
External links
- Dr. Kiran Kharat article - Induction of mitochondria mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells (T-47D) by Annona reticulata L. leaves methanolic extracts
- "Annona reticulata". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- Custard apple with pictures of the fruit and the tree
- Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India
- Photos
- Purdue Crop Index page
- USDA page
- "Species Annona reticulata". UniProt Consortium. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- Mahdeem, H. (5 July 1998). "Annona reticulata". hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
kinds of Annona in Brazil http://www.revistaencontro.com.br/app/noticia/gastro/2015/04/29/noticia_gastro,153193/fruta-do-conde-araticum-e-atemoia-qual-a-diferenca-entre-elas.shtml