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Arab Gas Pipeline

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Arab Gas Pipeline
Location
CountryEgypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey
General directionsouth-north
FromArish
Passes throughAqaba, Amman, El Rehab, Deir Ali, Damascus, Baniyas, Aleppo
ToHoms, Tripoli, (Kilis)
General information
Typenatural gas
PartnersEGAS
ENPPI
PETROGET
GASCO
SPC
Commissioned2011
Technical information
Length1,200 km (750 mi)
Maximum discharge10.3 billion cubic meters per year

The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It exports Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, with a separate line to Israel. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) at a cost of US$1.2 billion.[1]

Description

Arish–Aqaba section

The first section of pipeline runs from Arish in Egypt to Aqaba in Jordan. It has three segments. The first 250 kilometres (160 mi) long overland segment links Al-Arish to Taba on the Red Sea. It also consists of a compressor station in Arish and a metering station in Taba. The second segment is a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long subsea segment from Taba to Aqaba. The third segment, which includes also a metering station, is a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long onshore connection to the Aqaba Thermal Power Station.[2]

The $220 million Arish–Aqaba section was completed in July 2003.[3] The diameter of the pipeline is 36 inches (910 mm) and has a capacity of 10.3 billion cubic meters (bcm) gas per year.[4] The Egyptian consortium that developed this section included EGAS, ENPPI, PETROGET and the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO).

Aqaba–El Rehab section

The second section extended the pipeline in Jordan from Aqaba through Amman to El Rehab, (24 kilometres (15 mi) from the Syrian border). The length of this section is 390 kilometres (240 mi) and it cost $300 million.[5] The second section was commissioned in 2005.

El Rehab–Homs section

The third section has a total length of 319 kilometres (198 mi) from Jordan to Syria. A 90 kilometres (56 mi) stretch runs from the Jordan–Syrian border to the Deir Ali power station. From there the pipeline runs through Damascus to the Al Rayan gas compressor station near Homs. This sections includes four launching/receiving stations, 12 valve stations and a fiscal metering station with a capacity of 1.1 bcm, and it supplies Tishreen and Deir Ali power stations. The section was completed in February 2008, and it was built by the Syrian Petroleum Company and Stroytransgaz, a subsidiary of Gazprom.[6][7]

Homs–Tripoli connection

The Homs–Tripoli connection runs from the Al Rayan compressor station to Baniyas in Syria and then via 32-kilometre (20 mi) long stretch to Tripoli, Lebanon. The agreement to start supplies was signed on 2 September 2009 and test run started on 8 September 2009.[4] Regular gas supplies started on 19 October 2009 and gas is delivered to the Deir Ammar power station.[8]

There is a proposal to prolong the branch from Banias to Cyprus.[9]

Arish–Ashkelon pipeline

The Arish–Ashkelon pipeline is a 100 kilometres (62 mi) submarine gas pipeline connecting the Arab Gas Pipeline with Israel. Although it is not officially a part of the Arab Gas Pipeline project, it branches off from the same pipeline in Egypt. The pipeline is built and operated by the East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG), a joint company of Mediterranean Gas Pipeline Ltd (28%), the Israeli company Merhav (25%), PTT (25%), EMI-EGI LP (12%), and Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (10%).[10] The pipeline became operational in February 2008. Initially Egypt and Israel had agreed to supply through this pipeline 1.7 bcm of natural gas per year for use by the Israel Electric Corporation.[11] This has since been raised to 2.1 bcm per year to be delivered through the year 2028. In addition, by late 2009, EMG had signed contracts to supply through the pipeline additional 2 bcm per year to private electricity generators and various industrial concerns in Israel and negotiations with other potential buyers were ongoing. In 2010, the pipeline is supplying approximately half of the natural gas consumed in Israel, with the other half being supplied from domestic resources. The total physical capacity of the pipeline is 9 bcm per year and agreements between the two nations provide a framework for the purchase of up to 7.5 bcm per year of Egyptian gas by Israeli entities, making Israel one of Egypt's most important natural gas export markets.

Future extensions

Syria–Turkey connection

In March 2006, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon and Romania reached an agreement to build the pipeline's extension through Syria to the Turkish border. From there, the pipeline will be connected to the planned Nabucco Pipeline for the delivery of gas to Europe. Turkey expects to buy 2-4 bcm of gas annually from the Arab Gas Pipeline.[12] On 4 January 2008, Turkey and Syria signed an agreement to construct a 63 kilometres (39 mi) pipeline between Aleppo and Kilis as a first segment of the Syria-Turkey connection of the Arab Gas Pipeline.[13][14] On 14 October 2008, Stroytransgaz signed a US$71 million contract for the construction of this section.[15] This contract was annulled at the beginning of 2009 and it was re-tendered. The connection is expected to be ready by 2011. From Kilis, a 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) long pipeline with a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) will cotact the pipeline with the Turkish grid. It allows to supply the Turkish grid via the Syrian grid even before completing the Homs–Allepo segment.

Connection with Iraq

In September 2004, Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon agreed to connect the Arab Gas Pipeline with Iraq's gas grid to allow Iraq to export gas to Europe.[5]

2011 Explosion

On 5 February, amidst the 2011 Egyptian protests an explosion was reported at the pipeline near the El Arish natural gas compressor station, which supplies pipelines to Israel and Jordan.[16][17][18][19][20] As a result, supplies to Israel and Jordan were halted.[21]

According to the governor of the North Sinai Governorate, "a gas station located near the blast site was not damaged and the explosion has not hit the residential areas".[22] State television laid the blame on perpetrators "who took advantage of the unstable security situation in the country."[17][22] However, according to the head of Egyptian Natural Gas Company, the explosion was caused by a gas leak and not by an attack.[23]

References

  1. ^ "Lebanon minister in Syria to discuss the Arab Gas Pipeline". Ya Libnan. 2008-02-23. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  2. ^ "Natural Gas Pipeline (Al-Arish – Aqaba). Project fact sheet". The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. Archived from the original on 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  3. ^ "Arab gas pipeline agreement". Gulf Oil & Gas. 2004-01-26. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  4. ^ a b "Arab Gas Pipeline Primes Lebanon Branch". Oil and Gas Insight. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  5. ^ a b "Iraq Joins the Arab Gas Pipeline Project". Gulf Oil & Gas. 2004-09-26. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  6. ^ "Syria Completes First Stage of Arab Gas Pipeline". Downstream Today. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  7. ^ "Stroitransgaz wins tender to build the third part of Arab gas pipeline". The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service. November 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  8. ^ "Lebanon Receives Egypt Gas To Run Power Plant". Downstream Today. 2009-10-20. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  9. ^ "Timetable for extending Arab gas pipelines inside Jordan and Syria discussed". ArabicNews.com. 2004-09-25. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  10. ^ "PTT buys 25% of East Mediterranean Gas Co". Oil & Gas Journal. PennWell Corporation. 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  11. ^ Nassir Shirkani (2008-03-10). "Egyptian gas flows to Israel". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  12. ^ "Ministers agree to extend Arab gas pipeline to Turkey". Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections. 2006-03-29. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  13. ^ "Syria to Buy Iranian Gas Via Turkey". Downstream Today. 2008-01-09. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  14. ^ "The Euro–Arab Mashreq Gas Market Project – Progress November 2007" (PDF). Euro-Arab Mashreq Gas Co-operation Centre. Retrieved 2008-01-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ "Russians Build Turkey-Syria Pipeline". Kommersant. 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  16. ^ Sweilam, Ashraf (2011-02-05). "Egypt TV reports explosion, fire at gas pipeline in northern Sinai Peninsula near Gaza Strip". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  17. ^ a b "Leaders inside, outside Egypt seek exit from impasse". Reuters. 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  18. ^ Issacharoff, Avi; Ravid, Barak (2011-02-05). "Egypt holds gas supply to Israel and Jordan after pipeline explosion". Haaretz. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  19. ^ Razzouk, Nayla; Galal, NOla (2011-02-05). "Egypt Gas Exports to Israel, Jordan Halted After Sinai Pipeline Explosion". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  20. ^ "Gas pipeline to Jordan, Syria set ablaze in Egypt". CNN. 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  21. ^ "Egypt gas pipeline attacked; Israel, Jordan flow hit". Reuters. 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  22. ^ a b "Blast at Egypt gas pipeline". IANS/RIA Novosti. 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  23. ^ Kiley, Sam (2011-02-05). "Gas Leak Explosion At Egypt-Israel Facility". Sky News. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
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