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Scorzonera

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Scorzonera
Scorzonera purpurea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Scorzonerinae
Genus: Scorzonera
L.
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Achyroseris Sch.Bip.
  • Arachnospermum F.W.Schmidt
  • Avellara Blanca & C.Díaz
  • Fleischeria Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.
  • Podospermum DC.
  • Yildirimlia Kılıç
Scorzonera humilis

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.[2][3]

Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia,[3] and Africa.[4] Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.[5]

Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.[citation needed]

Species

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The following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera:[1]

Etymology

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One possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper's grass").[3]

Secondary metabolites

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Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones.[6] Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.[7] Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.[8] One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.[9]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Scorzonera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  2. ^ Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 978-0-88192-275-2.
  3. ^ a b c Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
  4. ^ Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.
  5. ^ Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
  6. ^ Zidorn, C. (2010). "Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Phytochemistry. 69 (12): 2270–96. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 18715600.
  7. ^ Sareedenchai, V.; C. Zidorn (2010). "Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 935–57. Bibcode:2010BioSE..38..935S. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.006. ISSN 0305-1978.
  8. ^ Jehle, M.; et al. (2010). "Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae)". Natural Product Communications. 5 (5): 725–27. doi:10.1177/1934578X1000500510. ISSN 1934-578X. PMID 20521536.
  9. ^ Zidorn, C.; et al. (2000). "Tyrolobibenzyls ‒ Novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 83 (11): 2920–25. doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20001108)83:11<2920::AID-HLCA2920>3.0.CO;2-5. ISSN 0018-019X.