Arctous alpina
| Arctous alpina | |
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| Arctostaphylos alpina in Varrio Nature Reserve, Finland. | |
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| Species: | A. alpina
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| Binomial name | |
| Arctostaphylos alpina | |
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Comarostaphylis polifolia | |
Arctostaphylos alpina, with the common names alpine bearberry, mountain bearberry, or black bearberry is a dwarf shrub in the heather family Ericaceae. The basionym of this species is Arbutus alpina L..
Description
Arctostaphylos alpina is a procumbent shrub usually less than 6 inches (15 cm) high with a woody stem and straggling branches. The leaves are alternate and wither in the autumn but remain on the plant for another year. The leaves are stalked and are oval with serrated margins and a network of veins. They often turn red to scarlet in autumn. The flowers are in groups of two to five, white or pink and urn-shaped and about 3 to 5 mm (0 to 0 in) long. They have five sepals, five fused petals with five small projecting lobes, ten stamens and a single carpel. The fruits are spherical, 9 to 12 mm (0 to 0 in) long, initially green, then red and finally glossy black and succulent when ripe. This plant flowers in June.[1][2]
Distribution and habitat
Arctostaphylos alpina has a circumpolar distribution. It is found at high latitudes, from Scotland east across Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, Northern Canada and Greenland. Its southern limits in Europe are the Pyrenees and the Alps, in Asia, the Altay Mountains and Mongolia, and in North America, British Columbia in the west, and Maine and New Hampshire in the east.[3] Its natural habitat is moorland, dry forests with birch and pine and hummocks covered in moss at the edges of bogs.[2]
Ecology
Arctostaphylos alpina forms a symbiotic relationship life with fungi which supply it with nutrients such as phosphorus. The berries are appreciated by birds.[2]
References
- ^ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Native Plant Information Network—NPIN: Arctostaphylos alpina (Alpine bearberry). Accessed 2013-02-02
- ^ a b c "Alpine Bearberry". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ^ "Arctous alpina". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
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External links
- USDA Plants Profile for Arctostaphylos alpina (alpine bearberry)
- University of Michigan—Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany for Arctostaphylos alpina — traditional medicinal and culinary uses.
- Isle of Skye Flora