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Barentsburg

Coordinates: 78°04′N 14°13′E / 78.067°N 14.217°E / 78.067; 14.217
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Barentsburg
Russian coal mining settlement
The town from above
The town from above
Heroic Soviet-style mural on the community centre building, Barentsburg
Heroic Soviet-style mural on the community centre building, Barentsburg
CountryNorway
SysselSvalbard
islandSpitsbergen
Population
 (2015)
 • Total
471[1]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Barentsburg (Template:Lang-ru) is the second-largest settlement on Svalbard, with about 500 inhabitants (2007), almost entirely Russians and Ukrainians. It is the site of the Barentsburg Pomor Museum.

History

Further information: History of Svalbard

Named after Dutch explorer Willem Barents, the town is a mining town, with coal mining conducted by the Soviet company Arktikugol since 1932. The population has declined over the decades; in its heyday, over 1,000 Soviet citizens inhabited Barentsburg.

Status

Although Svalbard is under Norwegian sovereignty, the unique Svalbard Treaty of 1920 allows citizens of signatory countries equal rights to exploit natural resources. Russia, along with Norway (via the Sveagruva mine and Mine 7), maintains mining operations on Svalbard as a result. Russia maintains a consulate in Barentsburg,[2] the northernmost diplomatic mission of any kind in the world. Barentsburg still has a Norwegian mail address and Norwegian phone numbers.

Economic basis

Barentsburg started as a Dutch mining town in the 1920s.[3] In 1932 the Dutch sold their concession to the Soviet Union.[4] Since 1932 the Russian state-owned Arktikugol Trust (Russian for "Arctic Coal") has been operating on Svalbard. The main economic activity is coal mining by the Arktikugol (Арктикуголь) company. The coal is usually exported to Northern European buyers. The town relies entirely on mainland Russia for food and coinage. There have been instances in which not enough food was sent, and aid packages were sent from Longyearbyen. Tourism is now being developed, but does not yet generate enough income to revive the town.

Transportation

The distance from Longyearbyen to Barentsburg is about 55 km but there are no roads connecting the two settlements. Most contact between the two is by boat, snowmobile, or helicopter. There is a heliport (ICAO code ENBA) with a road connection at Heerodden (78°06′03″N 14°11′46″E / 78.100809°N 14.196224°E / 78.100809; 14.196224), 4 km north of Barentsburg. Tourists usually arrive via a 2-3-hour boat trip from Longyearbyen. The coal is freighted by ship. The port is located in the middle of Barentsburg.

Climate

Climate data for Barentsburg
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		4.1
(39.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9.9
(49.8) 		14.6
(58.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		5.9
(42.6) 		20.3
(68.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.4
(47.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−2.3
(27.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		6.0
(42.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−4.9
(23.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −15.2
(4.6) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−15.5
(4.1) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		0.8
(33.4) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−7.1
(19.2)
Record low °C (°F) −37.1
(−34.8) 		−39.3
(−38.7) 		−39.8
(−39.6) 		−31.3
(−24.3) 		−22.5
(−8.5) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−12
(10) 		−27.1
(−16.8) 		−29.3
(−20.7) 		−37.3
(−35.1) 		−39.8
(−39.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 61
(2.4) 		50
(2.0) 		56
(2.2) 		44
(1.7) 		28
(1.1) 		21
(0.8) 		25
(1.0) 		35
(1.4) 		54
(2.1) 		56
(2.2) 		59
(2.3) 		63
(2.5) 		552
(21.7)
Average rainy days 2 1 2 1 3 10 17 16 12 4 3 2 73
Average snowy days 24 20 22 20 20 10 1 3 14 22 23 24 203
Average relative humidity (%) 77 77 77 77 79 81 81 82 81 77 77 77 79
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[5]

Science and culture

M. Presnyakov. The old Barentsburg church, 2014

The Barentsburg Pomor Museum presents Pomor culture, Arctic flora and fauna, and archeological objects preserved in the permafrost. It is open when the daily, summer-only boat from Longyear arrives and by special arrangement. There is an athletic complex, including a swimming pool with heated seawater. Every summer, several dozen geophysicists, geologists, archeologists, biologists, glaciologists, geographers, etc., from Russia and elsewhere work in the scientific research centre. There is also a year-round meteorological observatory and the northernmost cosmic rays station.

Dream Town

Adrian Briscoe completed Dream Town, a feature-length film about Barentsburg, in 2014. Part documentary, part fantasy, Dream Town examines the stark reality of the miners, scientists, and children who live there and contrasts their unusual existence with fictional interludes they created with the director. From documentary to fiction, the film concludes with a series of resolutions centered on the themes of love, dreams and escapism.

Co-written by novelist Ray Robinson, Dream Town won the Best Picture award at both the Chicago Underground Film Festival and the Derby Film Festival, UK in the spring of 2014.

2006 fire

On October 17, 2006 Norwegian inspectors detected a smoldering underground fire in Barentsburg, prompting fears that an open fire might break out,[6] which would have forced the total evacuation of Barentsburg for an indefinite period of time, and also cause unknown environmental problems for the entire archipelago. The fire was later contained.[7] Coal mining resumed at the end of 2010.[8]

  • Barentsburg from the air
    Barentsburg from the air
  • Barentsburg from the seaside
    Barentsburg from the seaside
  • Barentsburg: mining and polar bears at 78° north
    Barentsburg: mining and polar bears at 78° north
  • Monument to coal
    Monument to coal
  • Russian consulate
    Russian consulate
  • Barentsburg, as seen from the docks
    Barentsburg, as seen from the docks
  • The world's second northernmost statue of Lenin (the northernmost is in Pyramiden)
    The world's second northernmost statue of Lenin (the northernmost is in Pyramiden)
  • The main street, ulitsa Ivana Starostina. The abandoned buildings on the right are being demolished as of 2013[update].
    The main street, ulitsa Ivana Starostina. The abandoned buildings on the right are being demolished as of 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barentsburg.

References

  1. ^ http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/befsvalbard/halvaar/2015-04-09?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=223337
  2. ^ Russian Embassy in Norway website
  3. ^ Umbreit, Andreas (2009). Spitsbergen (4 ed.). Bradt Travel Guide. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-84162-240-8.
  4. ^ Barr, Susan (2003). Norway, a consistent polar nation?: analysis of an image seen through the history of the Norwegian Polar Institute. Kolofon. p. 174. ISBN 978-82-300-0026-7.
  5. ^ "Weather and Climate- The Climate of Barentsburg" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  6. ^ Norway Svalbard Coal Fire. International Herald Tribune. November 1, 2006.
  7. ^ Barentsburg: Kullbrann kan føre til evakuering Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten 1 November 2006
  8. ^ Staalesen, Atle (2010-11-08). "Russians restarted coal mining at Svalbard". Barents Observer. Retrieved 2010-01-26.

78°04′N 14°13′E / 78.067°N 14.217°E / 78.067; 14.217

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