Bethanie, Namibia
Bethanie
ǀUiǂgandes Klipfontein | |
|---|---|
village | |
 The Lentia Lutheran Church, built 1899. The village's mission church is in the background on the left. | |
| Country |  Namibia |
| Region | ǁKaras Region |
| Constituency | Berseba Constituency |
| Population (2012) | |
| • Total | 2,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 |
| Climate | BWh |
Template:Contains Khoekhoe text
Bethanie (often in German: Bethanien, and in English: Bethany, previously Klipfontein, Khoekhoegowab: ǀUiǂgandes[1]) is a village in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It is one of the oldest settlements in the country. Bethanie is situated on the road C14 between Goageb and Walvis Bay, 100 km west of Keetmanshoop. It has a population of about 2,000.[2]
History
The area around Bethanie originally belonged to the Red Nation. At the beginning of the 18th century the ǃAman (Bethanie Orlam), a subtribe of the Orlam people, obtained settlement rights and settled here.[3] As missionaries started travelling north from the Cape Colony in the early 19th century, they established mission stations on their way. The London Missionary Society founded the town, but, because of a shortage of missionaries and presumably because of the cooperation between the London and Rhenish Missionary Society at the time, they instead sent a German.
Reverend Heinrich Schmelen arrived in 1814 as missionary of the Kaiǀkhauan (Khauas Nama) and their leader Amraal Lambert.[4] The Schmelenhaus was built the same year, long considered the oldest structure in Namibia. It is a National Monument since 1952 and serves currently as a small museum. It was later discovered that the church and the pastor's house in Warmbad, both destroyed in 1811, were older than the Schmelenhaus,[5] and that the fortification of ǁKhauxaǃnas predates all European constructions.[6] Schmelen also initiated the building of a chapel which was in ruins when James Edward Alexander visited the village in 1837.[7]
In 1822, Schmelen left Bethanie[8] after becoming dissatisfied with his missionary work among the local tribes, who refused his repeated and impassioned pleas to attend church[9] and an ongoing conflict between Amraal Lambert's Orlam and another Namaqua tribe living at the station. Livestock and men were killed, and buildings burned. According to James Edward Alexander, Schmelen had "tried in vain to prevent the people of the station exchanging their cattle at [Lüderitz] ... for fire-arms and ammunition" and saw no end to the local conflicts.[10]
The original church was built in 1859, and also still stands today.
In 1883, Bethanie was the scene of the historical land sale at the house of Namaqua chief Josef Frederiks II that would eventually establish Imperial Germany's colony of German South-West Africa. Adolf Lüderitz in May 1883 obtained the area of Angra Pequena (today the town of Lüderitz) from Frederiks for 100£ in gold and 200 rifles. Three months later on 21 August, Frederiks sold Lüderitz a stretch of land 140 kilometres (87 mi) wide, between the Orange River and Angra Pequena, for 500£ and 60 rifles.[11] This area was far bigger than Frederiks had thought, as the contract specified its width as '20 geographical miles', a term that the tribal chief was not familiar with: 1 German geographical mile equals 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi), whereas the common mile in the territory was the English mile, 1.6 kilometres.[12]
Politics
Bethanie is governed by a village council that currently[update] has five seats.[13] In the 2010 local authority election, RDP received the most votes with 253. SWAPO finished in 2nd place with 245 votes and the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance finished in 3rd with 52 votes.[14]
Media and popular culture
A fictionalized version of Bethanie – named "Bethany" in English and depicted as a drought-plagued former mining town – is the primary setting for Richard Stanley's 1993 feature horror film, Dust Devil.
References
Footnotes
- ^ Vedder 1997, p. 198.
- ^ Tonchi, Lindeke & Grotpeter 2012, p. 40.
- ^ Dedering 1997, p. 58–59.
- ^ Dierks, Klaus. "Biographies of Namibian Personalities, L". Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ^ Dierks, Klaus. "Warmbad becomes [sic] two hundred years". Retrieved 22 June 2010.
- ^ Vogt, Andreas (2007). "Die ältesten Kirchen in Namibia (Teil 1)". Afrikanischer Heimatkalender 2007 (in German). Deutsche Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Namibia (DELK).
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_chapter=ignored (|trans-chapter=suggested) (help) - ^ Alexander 1967, p. 183.
- ^ Dedering 1997, p. 59–61.
- ^ "Bethanie, a village in Namibia". The cardboard box travel shop. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ Alexander 1967, pp. 183–185.
- ^ "The man who bought a country". Namibia Guidebook. orusovo.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ^ Oermann, Nils Ole (1999). Mission, Church and State Relations in South West Africa Under German Rule (1884-1915). Missionsgeschichtliches Archiv. Vol. 5. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 58–60. ISBN 9783515075787.
- ^ "Know Your Local Authority". Election Watch. No. 3. Institute for Public Policy Research. 2015. p. 4.
- ^ Local Authority results Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Electoral Commission of Namibia
Literature
- Vedder, Heinrich (1997). Das alte Südwestafrika. Südwestafrikas Geschichte bis zum Tode Mahareros 1890 (in German) (7th ed.). Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society. ISBN 0-949995-33-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Alexander, James Edward (1838). Expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa : Through the Hitherto Undescribed Countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras, Performed under the Auspices of Her Majesty's Government and the Royal Geographic Society. Africana Collectanea. Vol. 1. C. Struik, Cape Town (published 1967). Retrieved 8 August 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Dedering, Tilman (1997). Hate the old and follow the new: Khoekhoe and missionaries in early nineteenth-century Namibia. Vol. 2 (Missionsgeschichtliches Archiv ed.). Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-06872-7. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Tonchi, Victor L; Lindeke, William A; Grotpeter, John J (2012). Historical Dictionary of Namibia. Historical Dictionaries of Africa, African historical dictionaries (2 ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810879904.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
26°29′S 17°09′E / 26.483°S 17.150°E
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