Big Six (ice hockey)
The Big Six in men's international ice hockey are the six national teams that have been dominant in competitive play throughout the history of international hockey and especially since the 1950s. The group is composed of the North American countries of Canada and the United States, and four European countries: Czech Republic, Finland, Russia and Sweden.[1][2] Before the end of the Cold War, the Soviet Union/CIS and Czechoslovakia held the places of Russia and the Czech Republic. The four European members are sometimes referred to as the "European Big Four" or "Big Four", especially to distinguish them from the North American teams.[3]
Out of the 204 IIHF World Championships medals awarded, only twenty have been won by teams outside the Big Six and only five of those have been won since 1953 (four by Slovakia, one by Switzerland).[4] Of the 69 Olympic ice hockey medals awarded, only 6 have not been won by a Big Six team.[5][6]
History
Results
Olympic Games Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
| Year |  Canada
|
 Czechoslovakia/ Czech Republic
|
 Finland
|
 Soviet Union/ CIS/ Russia
|
 Sweden
|
 United States
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 1 | 3 | - | - | 4 | 2 |
| 1924 | 1 | 5 | - | - | 4 | 2 |
| 1928 | 1 | 5 | - | - | 2 | - |
| 1932 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| 1936 | 2 | 4 | - | - | 5 | 3 |
| 1948 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 4 | DSQ |
| 1952 | 1 | 4 | 7 | - | 3 | 2 |
| 1956 | 3 | 5 | - | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 1960 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| 1964 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 1968 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 1972 | - | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 1976 | - | 2 | 4 | 1 | - | 5 |
| 1980 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 1984 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| 1988 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| 1992 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| 1994 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
| 1998 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| 2002 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| 2006 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
| 2010 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| 2014 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
IIHF Men's World Championships
| 1 | 2-4 | 5-9 | 10-19 | 20+ |
Canada and United States seldom have their best players available for the IIHF World Championships, due to the conflicting time-frame of the NHL. Typically the only players available are College hockey players, NHL players whose teams have failed to make the Stanley Cup playoffs and players who play in other leagues such as the AHL and SHL. The World Championships are not widely broadcast on television in North America, and have a generally weak following there. Despite this, the Canadian and American teams that compete in the World Championships are still normally easily able to defeat European teams outside of the Big Six, with a few possible exceptions, such as Slovakia.
| Nation | 93 |
94 |
95 |
96 |
97 |
98 |
99 |
00 |
01 |
02 |
03 |
04 |
05 |
06 |
07 |
08 |
09 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada |
4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Czech Republic |
3 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Finland |
7 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| Russia |
1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Sweden |
2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| United States |
6 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 |
Only the tournaments since the formation of the modern Czech Republic team are shown above.
World Cup
The Canada Cup served as an ice hockey world championship that was governed by NHL rules rather than IIHF rules, and was contested in the NHL off-season so that NHL players could participate. The 1976 Canada Cup was, therefore, the first time that the best players from every country were able to meet on the ice. The tournament was held five times between 1976 and 1991. Only one team outside of the Big Six, West Germany, was ever allowed to compete in the Canada Cup; this occurred in 1984.[7]
The World Cup of Hockey replaced the Canada Cup after the fall of the Soviet Union. It has been held three times so far, in 1996, 2004 and 2016, and will be held every four years thereafter.[2] Eight teams compete at the World Cup: Germany and Slovakia played the first two editions, whereas a Team Europe and an under-23 Team North America played in 2016.
Canada Cup
| Year | Canada
|
Czechoslovakia
|
Finland
|
Soviet Union
|
Sweden
|
United States
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1981 | 2 | 3 (tie) | 6 | 1 | 5 | 3 (tie) |
| 1984 | 1 | 5 | - | 3 (tie) | 2 | 3 (tie) |
| 1987 | 1 | 3 (tie) | 6 | 2 | 3 (tie) | 5 |
| 1991 | 1 | 6 | 3 (tie) | 5 | 3 (tie) | 2 |
World Cup of Hockey
| Year | Canada
|
Czech Republic
|
Finland
|
Russia
|
Sweden
|
United States
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 2 | 7 (tie) | 5 (tie) | 3 (tie) | 3 (tie) | 1 |
| 2004 | 1 | 3 (tie) | 2 | 6 | 5 | 3 (tie) |
| 2016[n 2] | 1 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
Notes
- ^ Note that medals won by the Soviet Union or CIS are credited to Russia, and those of Czechoslovakia are counted for the Czech Republic.
- ^ Note that the rankings include the final ranking of two non-national teams that participated in the tournament: Team North America and Team Europe. Were these teams not to be factored in to the final ranking, Sweden would have placed 2nd, Russia 3rd, the Czech Republic 4th, the United States 5th, and Finland 6th.
References
- ^ "the Big Six hockey powers -- the United States, Canada, Russia, the Czech Republic, Sweden and Finland" "N.H.L. and Its Teams Send Players to Bench". New York Times. February 2002. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ a b "Figuring out the seventh and eighth teams beyond the so-called big six was the biggest hurdle to overcome in planning this event." "NHL announces World Cup of Hockey for 2016". The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. January 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ^ "World Cup of Hockey set to return in 2016". NHL.com. January 24, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ "Past medalists". IIHF.com. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ^ "Ice hockey and Olympism" (PDF). Olympic Review. International Olympic Committee. 1984.
- ^ "Ice hockey – Olympics". Sports-reference.com. Retrieved 2015-02-28.
- ^ Pelletier, Joe; Houda, Patrick (2003). The World Cup of Hockey. Toronto: Warwick Publishing. ISBN 1-894622-17-0.