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Bosco Ntaganda

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Bosco Ntaganda
NationalityRwanda Rwandan
Other namesBosco Tanganda,
Bosco Ntanganda,
Bosco Ntangana,
Bosco Ntagenda,[1]
Bosco Baganda,
Bosco Taganda,[1]
"the Terminator"[1]
Jean Bosco Ntaganda[2]
Known forIndicted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes

Bosco Ntaganda (born c. 1973)[4] is the military chief of staff of the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), an armed militia group operating in the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).[3][5] He is a former member of the Rwandan Patriotic Army[3] and allegedly a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (FPLC).

As of May 2008, he is wanted by the International Criminal Court for the war crimes of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities.

He is also known as "the Terminator"[1] and his surname is sometimes given as Tanganda, Ntanganda, Ntangana, Ntagenda, Baganda or Taganda.

Career

Ntaganda fought with the Rwandan Patriotic Army in the early 1990s and participated in the overthrow of the Hutu-led Rwandan government in 1994.[3]

He subsequently joined the Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (Forces Patriotiques pour la libération du Congo, FPLC), the military wing of the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC), and became its chief of military operations. During this time, he is alleged to have been involved in numerous massacres and other serious human rights abuses.[3]

In January 2005, Ntaganda was appointed a general in the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo as part of a peace process, but he refused the offer.[3] On 1 November 2005, a United Nations Security Council committee imposed a travel ban and asset freeze on him for violating an arms embargo.[1]

In 2006, following conflicts within the UPC, he returned to North Kivu, his home province, and joined Laurent Nkunda's National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP).[3][6] As of April 2008, he was believed to be living in the Masisi district of North Kivu, serving as the CNDP's chief of staff.[7] The CNDP has now been incorporated into the regular Congolese armed forces and Ntaganda is now acting as a General in the army, despite being wanted by the ICC.[8]

In 2012, he is living openly in the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,[9] on Avenue des Tulipiés, about 100 yards from the Rwandan border.[10]

According to DRC authorities, General Bosco Ntaganda has "crossed from Goma to the town of Gisenyi, Rwanda, twice in 2011, in March and again in September, despite the travel ban imposed on him. Congolese authorities reported that on both occasions Ntaganda had gone there to attend a burial, having sought official authorization to do so from his military hierarchy and from immigration authorities. Rwandan officials told the Group that they have no objections to Ntaganda’s crossing the border. They claim that his status as a sanctioned individual “is not a Rwandan problem, but a Democratic Republic of the Congo problem”, adding that “Bosco contributes to peace and security to the region, which converges with Rwanda’s aims”.[11]

The UN Group of Experts reported in late 2011 that Ntaganda controls the Mungwe and Fungamwaka mines, near Numbi, through the Great Lakes Mining Company, managed by Edson Musabarura. Ntaganda also derived profits from mineral exploitation at Nyabibwe, through his alliance with Colonel Saddam Ringo. At Rubaya, Ntaganda gains large revenues from taxation levied by “parallel” mine police. Ntaganda ordered his troops to intervene on the behalf of Krall Metal Congo at Lueshe.[12]

On the 4th of April, 2012, it was reported that Nataganda and 300 loyal troops defected from the DRC and clashed with government forces in the Rutshuru region North of Goma. [13]

Indicted by the International Criminal Court

On 22 August 2006, a Pre-Trial Chamber of the ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Ntaganda bore individual criminal responsibility for war crimes committed by the FPLC between July 2002 and December 2003, and issued a warrant for his arrest. He was charged with the war crimes of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities.

The arrest warrant was originally issued under seal because the court decided that "public knowledge of the proceedings in this case might result in Bosco Ntaganda hiding, fleeing, and/or obstructing or endangering the investigations or the proceedings of the Court". In April 2008, the court ruled that circumstances had changed and unsealed the warrant.[7]

Three other Congolese rebels, including UPC leader Thomas Lubanga, are in custody of the ICC, and stand trial there.

References and notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Security Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 November 2007). Template:PDFlink. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
  2. ^ Gettlemen, Jeffrey. Its Leader Captured, Congo Rebel Force Dissolves. NYT. Published 24 January 2009. Accessed 24 January 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Human Rights Watch (29 April 2008). DR Congo: Suspected War Criminal Wanted. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
  4. ^ Trial Watch (2008). Bosco Ntaganda. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
  5. ^ Nkunda Faces ICC Dilemma. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 1 May 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011.
  6. ^ Bavier, Joe (9 May 2008). Congo rebels demand proof of ICC suspect's guilt. Reuters. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
  7. ^ a b Warrant of Arrest against Bosco Ntaganda unsealed press release International Criminal Court, 29 April 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011
  8. ^ Congo conflict: 'The Terminator' lives in luxury while peacekeepers look on theguardian, 5 February 2010. Retrieved on 9 October 2011
  9. ^ I Can Find an Indicted Warlord. So Why isn't He in The Hague? Mother Jones, September/October 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2012
  10. ^ UCLA Law Students Locate Compound of Congolese Militia Leader Wanted by International Criminal Court Retrieved on 14 March 2012
  11. ^ United Nations Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.149
  12. ^ UN Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.150
  13. ^ http://allafrica.com/stories/201204040870.html 4/4/2012

External links

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