CCDC177

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CCDC177
Identifiers
AliasesCCDC177, C14orf162, PLPL, coiled-coil domain containing 177
External IDsMGI: 2686414 HomoloGene: 128326 GeneCards: CCDC177
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

56936

380768

Ensembl

ENSG00000267909

ENSMUSG00000062961

UniProt

Q9NQR7

Q3UHB8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001271507
NM_020181

NM_001008423

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001258436

NP_001008423

Location (UCSC)Chr 14: 69.57 – 69.57 MbChr 12: 80.8 – 80.81 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 177 (CCDC177) is a protein, which in humans, is encoded by the gene CCDC177.[5] It is composed of a coiled helical domain that spans half of the protein. CCDC177 deletions are associated with intellectual disability and congenital heart defects.[6]

Gene[edit]

The CCDC177 gene is located on chromosome 14 at 14q24.1, and contains 2 exons.

The location of the CCDC177 gene on chromosome 14 at 14q24.1.[5]

The CCDC177 gene is part of the CCDC gene family, which encodes proteins involved in signal transduction and signal transcription.[7]

Other known aliases for the CCDC177 gene are Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 162 (C14orf162), and Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Like Protein (PLPL).[5]

mRNA transcripts[edit]

CCDC177 has one variant, which encodes Isoform 1 in humans. The mRNA sequence for this variant is 4,182 base pairs in length.[5] Both exons are present in the variant, however the coding region is entirely within Exon 2.

Protein[edit]

The predicted tertiary structure of human CCDC177 protein from AlphaFold.[8]

CCDC177 Isoform 1 in humans is 707 amino acids long[5] with a predicted molecular weight of 80 kDa.[9] It is rich in arginine, and glutamate, and poor in isoleucine relative to other proteins. The isoelectric point is 11.[10] The human protein is also rich in arginine-glutamate motifs, which are implicated in cell survival signaling.[11]

Domains and motifs[edit]

Humans CCDC177 includes one domain of unknown function (DUF4659), multiple disordered regions, and an alanine-rich motif.[5]

Structure[edit]

Proteins of the coiled coil domain containing (CCDC) family contain large coiled helical domains.[7][12] The coiled helical domain within the human CCDC177 protein fully overlaps the domain of unknown function (DUF4659).

Large-scale Analysis of the Human Transcriptome [Profile GDS596] from NCBI GeoProfiles.[13]

Gene-level regulation[edit]

CCDC177 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed across adult human tissues, but is low in expression in fetal tissues throughout the body. It is also less abundant in immune cells such as B cells, T cells, and NK cells.[13]

Protein-level regulation[edit]

Sub-cellular location[edit]

Human CCDC177 contains multiple nuclear localization signals, indicating that is found in the nucleus.[14] The protein also contains multiple nuclear export signals, indicating protein movement between the nucleus and cytosol.[15] The locations of the various kinases phosphorylating the CCDC177 protein implicate phosphorylation in CCDC177's movement between the nucleus and cytosol.[16]

Post translational modifications[edit]

In CCDC177, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modifications are predicted to occur on several serine residues,[17] while SUMOylation occurs on select lysine residues.[18]

The types of kinases that phosphorylate highly conserved serine residues (conserved across current CCDC177 orthologs) in the CCDC177 protein sequence are located in the nucleus and cytosol. These kinases include Protein Kinase A which is located in the cytosol and nucleus,[19] Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 located in the cytosol,[20] and Protein Kinase C located in the nucleus.[21]

CCDC177 post-translational modifications and other notable motifs. Created using IBS-Data Visualization[22]
Human CCDC177 Conceptual Translation annotated with specific motifs of interest, signal sequences, post-translational modifications and other predicted domains. Labels for each annotation are found in the margins of the conceptual translation.

Conservation[edit]

CCDC177 has no paralogs in humans. Orthologs are currently found in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.[23]

Current CCDC177 Orthologs[24]
Organism ("Genus Species") Common Name Taxonomic Order Median Date of Divergence (MYA) Accession # Sequence Length (aa) Sequence Identity to Human Protein (%) Sequence Similarity to Human Protein (%)
Mammals Homo sapiens Human Hominidae 0 NP_001258436.1 707 100 100
Mus musculus Mouse Rodentia 87 NP_001008423.2 706 90.6 94.1
Equus caballus Horse Perissodactyla 94 XP_023483759.1 700 93.9 95.3
Suncus etruscus Etruscan Shrew Eulipotyphla 94 XP_049626320.1 712 78.9 85.2
Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Marsupialia 160 XP_020860505.1 709 73 82
Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus Monotremata 180 XP_028920460.1 700 67.6 75.9
Birds Gallu gallus Chicken Galliformes 319 XP_040527977.1 692 54.8 67.5
Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck Anseriformes 319 KAI6068518.1 709 49.7 62.8
Reptiles Sceloporus undulatus Eastern Fence Lizard Iguania 319 XP_042299999.1 710 52.9 68.8
Gopherus flavomarginatus Bolson Tortoise Testudines 319 XP_050809463.1 714 51.7 65.3
Python bivittatus Burmese Python Serpentes 319 XP_007441661.1 740 49.0 62.8
Amphibians Geotrypetes seraphini Gaboon Caecilian Gymnophiona 352 XP_033808243.1 663 47.6 63.2
Spea bombifrons Plains Spadefoot Toad Anura 352 XP_053330589.1 688 41.1 58.9
Xenopus tropicalis Western Clawed Frog Anura 352 XP_002935376.2 679 40.6 58.6
Fish Lepisosteus oculatus Spotted Gar Lepisosteiformes 429 XP_015206663.1 712 46.5 61.9
Silurus meridionalis Large-mouth Catfish Siluriformes 429 KAI5102643.1 707 45.2 60.8
Callorhinchus milii Australian Ghostshark Chimaeriformes 462 XP_042189074.1 710 27.8 43.6
Invertebrates Styela clava Stalked Sea Squirt Stolidobranchia 596 XP_039248961.1 678 21.7 38.9
Actinia tenebrosa Waratah Anemone Actiniaria 715 XP_031562596.1 712 28.0 44.4
Orbicella faveolata Mountainous Star Coral Scleractinia 715 XP_020615800.1 718 25.2 40.9
The following graph shows the rate of evolution of CCDC177 compared to that of Cytochrome C and Fibrinogen Alpha.
Circles indicate similar species. Made using Phylogeny.fr[25]

Rate of evolution[edit]

The protein encoded by CCDC177 evolves twice as fast as Cytochrome c and slightly slower than fibrinogen alpha, indicating that the CCDC177 gene has a moderately fast rate of evolution.[citation needed]

Interacting proteins[edit]

Human CCDC177 protein has notable interactions with the following proteins which are all associated with development and stem cell differentiation. All of the following proteins are located in the nucleus. These interactions implicate human CCDC177 in developmental processes and cell survival, and support its location in the nucleus.

  • MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2) regulates neuronal growth and is required for proper axon growth.[26]
  • Forkhead box protein N4 (FOXN4) is a transcription factor required for neural development and growth. It is especially important for specifying the fates of multipotent retinal progenitors.[27]
  • Histone Deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) deacetylates lysine residues on the N-terminus tail of core histones and promotes cell cycle progression.[28]
  • T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1) is an oncogenic transcription factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and is implicated in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.[29]

Clinical significance[edit]

The CCDC177 gene can be utilized to develop prognostic tumor markers for neuroblastomas,[30] thyroid cancer,[31] and lung cancer.[32] CCDC177 is a methylation-driven gene in thyroid cancer, which was determined by examining proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer (TC) cells in CCDC177 knockdown vectors. TC cells containing knockdown CCDC177 were highly proliferative and invasive.

Prognostic tumor methylation markers were discovered in human neuroblastoma as well.[33] 78 significantly differentially methylated regions were identified from 396 sequenced tumor profiles. Methylation-specific PCR assays were also developed to determine which regions accurately predict survival outcomes. 5 of the 78 assays, including one located in CCDC177, predicted event-free survival. CCDC177 mRNA is also integral to the accurate prediction of overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients.

Interstitial deletions of chromosome 14 at the location 14q24.1q24.3, which includes CCDC177, are linked to mild intellectual disability, congenital heart defects, and brachydactyly.[6] Haploinsufficiency in one or several of the deleted genes is the cause for the deletions.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000267909 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000062961 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "CCDC177 coiled-coil domain containing 177 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  6. ^ a b Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Vanakker OM, De Paepe A, Menten B, Martin T, Weber G, et al. (March 2014). "Deletions in 14q24.1q24.3 are associated with congenital heart defects, brachydactyly, and mild intellectual disability". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 164A (3): 620–626. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36321. PMID 24357125. S2CID 36417832.
  7. ^ a b Liu Z, Yan W, Liu S, Liu Z, Xu P, Fang W (July 2023). "Regulatory network and targeted interventions for CCDC family in tumor pathogenesis". Cancer Letters. 565: 216225. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216225. PMID 37182638. S2CID 258683797.
  8. ^ "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  9. ^ "SAPS < Sequence Statistics < EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  10. ^ Kozlowski LP. "IPC - ISOELECTRIC POINT CALCULATION OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES". isoelectric.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  11. ^ Chandana T, Venkatesh YP (2016-05-25). "Occurrence, Functions and Biological Significance of Arginine-Rich Proteins". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 17 (5): 507–516. doi:10.2174/1389203717666151201192348. PMID 26916156.
  12. ^ Priyanka PP, Yenugu S (October 2021). "Coiled-Coil Domain-Containing (CCDC) Proteins: Functional Roles in General and Male Reproductive Physiology". Reproductive Sciences. 28 (10): 2725–2734. doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00595-2. PMID 33942254. S2CID 233487566.
  13. ^ a b "GDS596 / 220887_at". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  14. ^ "Motif Scan". myhits.sib.swiss. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  15. ^ "LocNES NES prediction tool by Chook Lab". prodata.swmed.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  16. ^ Hornbeck PV, Zhang B, Murray B, Kornhauser JM, Latham V, Skrzypek E PhosphoSitePlus, 2014: mutations, PTMs and recalibrations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43:D512-20.
  17. ^ "NetPhos 3.1 - DTU Health Tech - Bioinformatic Services". services.healthtech.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  18. ^ "GPS-SUMO: Prediction of SUMOylation Sites & SUMO-interacting Motifs". sumo.biocuckoo.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  19. ^ Klussmann E (2007-01-01), Enna SJ, Bylund DB (eds.), "Protein Kinase A", xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, New York: Elsevier, pp. 1–9, doi:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60534-3, ISBN 978-0-08-055232-3, retrieved 2023-12-16
  20. ^ Ino H, Chiba T (September 1996). "Intracellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in mouse neuron: CDK5 is located in both nucleus and cytoplasm". Brain Research. 732 (1–2): 179–185. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00523-9. PMID 8891282. S2CID 20687258.
  21. ^ Ringvold HC, Khalil RA (2017-01-01), Khalil RA (ed.), "Chapter Six - Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders", Advances in Pharmacology, Vascular Pharmacology, vol. 78, Academic Press, pp. 203–301, doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2016.06.002, PMC 5319769, PMID 28212798
  22. ^ "IBS - Database Visualization". ibs.biocuckoo.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  23. ^ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  24. ^ Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2. PMID 2231712.
  25. ^ "NGPhylogeny.fr". ngphylogeny.fr. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  26. ^ AlAbdi L, Desbois M, Rusnac DV, Sulaiman RA, Rosenfeld JA, Lalani S, et al. (April 2023). "Loss-of-function variants in MYCBP2 cause neurobehavioural phenotypes and corpus callosum defects". Brain. 146 (4): 1373–1387. doi:10.1093/brain/awac364. PMC 10319777. PMID 36200388.
  27. ^ Islam MM, Li Y, Luo H, Xiang M, Cai L (2013-11-15). "Meis1 regulates Foxn4 expression during retinal progenitor cell differentiation". Biology Open. 2 (11): 1125–1136. doi:10.1242/bio.20132279. PMC 3828759. PMID 24244849.
  28. ^ Wang Y, Li W, Schulz VP, Zhao H, Qu X, Qi Q, et al. (October 2021). "Impairment of human terminal erythroid differentiation by histone deacetylase 5 deficiency". Blood. 138 (17): 1615–1627. doi:10.1182/blood.2020007401. PMC 8554652. PMID 34036344.
  29. ^ Hoang T, Lambert J, Martin R (2016), "SCL/TAL1 in Hematopoiesis and Cellular Reprogramming", Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 118, Elsevier: 163–204, doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.01.004, ISBN 978-0-12-803319-7, PMID 27137657
  30. ^ Ram Kumar RM, Schor NF (April 2018). "Methylation of DNA and chromatin as a mechanism of oncogenesis and therapeutic target in neuroblastoma". Oncotarget. 9 (31): 22184–22193. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.25084. PMC 5955135. PMID 29774131.
  31. ^ Chen Z, Liu X, Liu F, Zhang G, Tu H, Lin W, Lin H (August 2021). "Identification of 4-methylation driven genes based prognostic signature in thyroid cancer: an integrative analysis based on the methylmix algorithm". Aging. 13 (16): 20164–20178. doi:10.18632/aging.203338. PMC 8436924. PMID 34456184.
  32. ^ Ju Q, Zhao YJ, Ma S, Li XM, Zhang H, Zhang SQ, et al. (July 2020). "Genome-wide analysis of prognostic-related lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs forming a competing endogenous RNA network in lung squamous cell carcinoma". Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 146 (7): 1711–1723. doi:10.1007/s00432-020-03224-8. PMID 32356177. S2CID 216650042.
  33. ^ Decock A, Ongenaert M, Cannoodt R, Verniers K, De Wilde B, Laureys G, et al. (January 2016). "Methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing reveals a prognostic methylation signature in neuroblastoma". Oncotarget. 7 (2): 1960–1972. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6477. PMC 4811509. PMID 26646589.
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