Camunic language
| Camunic | |
|---|---|
| Native to | the south side of the Central Alps (Valcamonica, Valtellina), Italy |
| Region | Italian Peninsula |
| Ethnicity | Camunni |
| Era | first millennium BC[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xcc |
xcc | |
| Glottolog | camu1235 |
The Camunic language is an extinct language which was spoken in the first millennium BC in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps.
Language
The extant corpus is carved on rock, similar to the rock carvings of Valcamonica. There are at least 170 known inscriptions, the majority of which are only a few words long. The writing system used is a variant of the north-Etruscan alphabet, known as the Camunian alphabet or alphabet of Sondrio. Longer inscriptions show that Camunic writing used boustrophedon.
Its name derives from the people of the Camunni, who lived during the Iron Age in Val Camonica and were the creators of many of the stone carvings in the area. Abecedariums found in Nadro and Piancogno have been dated to between 500 BC and 50 AD.[4]
The amount of material is insufficient to decipher the language, or even to establish what relationship it has to other languages. For some scholars, it may be related to Etruscan and Raetic.[2] Most recently Camunic has been proposed to be a Celtic language.[3]
Gallery
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Inscription from Capo di Ponte (Val Camonica) -
Inscription from Nadro (Val Camonica) -
Inscription from Nadro (Val Camonica) -
Inscription from the museum of Sondrio (Valtellina)
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See also
References
- ^ Camunic at MultiTree on the Linguist List
- ^ a b http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9780631220398_chunk_g97806312203989_ss1-3
- ^ a b Markey, Thomas (2008). Shared Symbolics, Genre Diffusion, Token Perception and Late Literacy in North-Western Europe. NOWELE.
- ^ "Iscrizioni camune a cura di Adolfo Zavaroni" (in Italian). Retrieved 2009-09-20.
Bibliography
- Mancini, Alberto. 1980. "Le iscrizioni della Valcamonica" in Studi Urbinati di storia, filosofia e letteratura. Supplemento linguistico 2, pp. 75–166.
- Mancini, Alberto. 1991. "Iscrizioni retiche e iscrizioni camune. Due ambiti a confronto" in Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze 2, pp. 77–93.
- Marchesini, Simona. 2011. "Alla ricerca del modello perduto. Sulla genesi dell’alfabeto camuno", Palaeohispanica 11, pp. 155-171
- Markey, Thomas L. 2008. "Shared symbolics, genre difussion, token perceptions and late literacy in North-western Europe" in NOWELE 54/55, pp. 5–62.
- Morandi, Alessandro. 2004. Epigrafia e lingua dei Celti d'Italia, vol. II. Celti d’Italia, ed. by Paola Piana Agostinetti (Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica, 12), Roma 2004
- Prosdocimi, Aldo Luigi. 1965. "Per un'edizione delle iscrizioni della Valcamonica", in Studi Etruschi 33, pp. 574–599.
- Schumacher, Stefan. 2007. "Val Camonica, Inschriften" in Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde. Band 35: Speckstein bis Zwiebel. Ed. Heinrich Beck et al., Berlin – New York, pp. 334–337.
- Tibiletti Bruno, Maria Grazia. 1978. "Camuno, retico e pararetico", in Lingue e dialetti dell'Italia antica ('Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica', 6), ed. by A. L. Prosdocimi, Roma 1978, pp. 209–255.
- Tibiletti Bruno, Maria Grazia. 1990. "Nuove iscrizioni camune" in Quaderni camuni 49-50, pp. 29–171.
- Tibiletti Bruno, Maria Grazia. 1992. "Gli alfabetari" in Quaderni camuni 60, pp. 309–380.
External links
- "Etruscan alphabet". Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- "Iscrizioni camune a cura di Adolfo Zavaroni" (in Italian). Retrieved 2009-08-20.
- "Tracce n° 7 Scratched horses in a relief from Cividate Camuno – Valcamonica (Italy)". Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- "Tracce n° 9 Vite-Deria, Paspardo, Valcamonica. Ricerche 1990–97" (in Italian). Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- "Tracce n° 9 Rock and Roll with the Camunnians Did they have ladders in the prehistory?". Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- "Tracce n° 12 Due nuove rocce istoriate in località Vite area di Vite-Deria, Paspardo (Valcamonica, BS)" (in Italian). Retrieved 2009-09-18.