Charles Arthur Stuart

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Charles Arthur Stuart
Born(1893-05-26)May 26, 1893
Lyon Mountain, New York, U.S.
DiedOctober 17, 1962(1962-10-17) (aged 69)
Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
Resting placeSwan Point Cemetery
Alma materBrown University
Scientific career
FieldsBacteriology

Charles Arthur Stuart (May 26, 1893 – October 17, 1962) was an American physician and professor of bacteriology. He was the president of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) in 1956.[1]

Biography[edit]

After education in public schools at Plattsburgh, New York, Stuart matriculated in 1914 at Brown University.[2] There he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1919, an M.S. in 1921, and a Ph.D. in 1923.[3] His Ph.D. thesis is entitled The Effect of Environmental Changes on the Growth, Morphology, Physiology and Immunological Characteristics of Bacterium typhosum.[4] From 1917 to 1918 he served in the Brown Ambulance Unit of the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps.[2][5] In the bacteriology department of Brown University, he was an instructor from 1923–1925, an assistant professor from 1925–1931, an associate professor from 1931 to 1944, and a full professor from 1944[3] until his retirement in 1960 as professor emeritus.[6] For 35 years, he was a part-time teacher of student nurses at Rhode Island Hospital. He served as a consultant in bacteriology for several Rhode Island hospitals as a member of the Milk Commission of the Providence Medical Association.[2]

Stuart was the author or coauthor of more than 100 scientific papers. In the early part of his career, he worked with Frederic Poole Gorham and Charles V. Chapin on laboratory aspects of public health in Providence, Rhode Island. In the late 1920s he became interested in the findings of Arthur M. Banta[2] concerning sex-determining factors in the water flea Moina macrocopa.[7][8] Stuart collaborated on a number of scientific papers concerning such factors, especially the availability of bacteria as a food source for the water fleas.[9][10][11][12][13] In the mid-1930s he did research on Forssman antigens in mononucleosis.[14][15] He did important research on the taxonomy of the family Enterobacteriaceae.[16][2][3]

Stuart was elected in 1933 a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[17]

He married in 1924[3] and his wife often helped him with laboratory work.[2] He is buried in Swan Point Cemetery.

Selected publications[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Stuart, C. A. (1956). "The Unfortunate Role of Precedent in Bacteriology". Bacteriological Reviews. 20 (4): 203–206. doi:10.1128/br.20.4.203-206.1956. PMC 180864. PMID 13403843. (ASM presidential address)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Formal, Samuel B.; Falkow, Stanley (1963). "Charles Arthur Stuart 1893–1962". Journal of Bacteriology. 85 (2): 259–261. doi:10.1128/jb.85.2.259-261.1963. PMC 278126. PMID 16561991.
  3. ^ a b c d Cattell, Jaques, ed. (1949). American Men of Science: A Biographical Dictionary. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The Science Press. pp. 2425–2426.
  4. ^ Stuart, Charles A. (1924). "The Effect of Environmental Changes on the Growth, Morphology, Physiology and Immunological Characteristics of Bacterium Typhosum". Journal of Bacteriology. 9 (6): 581–602. doi:10.1128/jb.9.6.581-602.1924. PMC 379091. PMID 16559070.
  5. ^ "Brown University in the War by James G. Fernald". Brown University in the War: A Report by the War Records Committee, Including a Statement of the War Work of the University, the Biographies of Brown Men who Died in Service, and a Directory of the Military Service of Alumni, Former Students and Undergraduates. The Committee. 1919. pp. 9–11.
  6. ^ Mitchell, Martha, "Stuart, Charles A.", Encyclopedia Brunoniana, Brown University.
  7. ^ Popular Science Monthly. McClure, Phillips and Company. September 1926. p. 136.
  8. ^ Popular Science. December 1929. p. 147.
  9. ^ Stuart, C. A.; Banta, A. M. (1931). "Available Bacteria and the Sex Ratio in Moina". Physiological Zoology. 4 (1): 72–86. doi:10.1086/physzool.4.1.30151129. S2CID 87336548.
  10. ^ Stuart, C. A.; McPherson, Maurita; Cooper, H. J. (1931). "Studies on Bacteriologically Sterile Moina macrocopa and Their Food Requirements". Physiological Zoology. 4: 87–100. doi:10.1086/physzool.4.1.30151130. S2CID 87405011.
  11. ^ Stuart, C. A.; Tallman, Juanita; Cooper, H. J. (1931). "Available Food and Crowding as Factors Influencing the Sex of Moina macrocopa. I". Physiological Zoology. 4 (4): 581–593. doi:10.1086/physzool.4.4.30151162. S2CID 88112995.
  12. ^ Stuart, C. A.; Cooper, H. J.; Tallman, Juanita (1931). "Available Food and Crowding as Factors Influencing the Sex of Moina macrocopa. II". Physiological Zoology. 4 (4): 594–603. doi:10.1086/physzool.4.4.30151163. S2CID 222430983.
  13. ^ Banta, A. M.; Stuart, C. A. (1932). "The Critical Period for Control of Sex in Moina". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 29 (9): 1253–1255. doi:10.3181/00379727-29-6307. S2CID 87105253.
  14. ^ Stuart, C. A.; Griffin, A. M.; Fulton, M.; Anderson, E. G. E. (1936). "Nature of the Antibodies for Sheep-Cells in Infectious Mononucleosis". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 34 (2): 209–212. doi:10.3181/00379727-34-8561C. S2CID 100719378.
  15. ^ Stuart, C. A.; Griffin, A. M.; Wheeler, K. M.; Battey, S. (1936). "A Thermostable Antigen in Beef-Cells". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 34 (2): 212–215. doi:10.3181/00379727-34-8562C. S2CID 87409716.
  16. ^ Borman, Earle K.; Stuart, C. A.; Wheeler, Kenneth M. (1944). "Taxonomy of the Family Enterobacteriaceae". Journal of Bacteriology. 48 (3): 351–367. doi:10.1128/jb.48.3.351-367.1944. PMC 373980. PMID 16560842.
  17. ^ "Historic Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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