Chlef
Chlef
الشلف | |
|---|---|
 Coa Chlef.png | |
 Location of Chlef, Algeria within Chlef Province | |
| Country |  Algeria |
| Province | Chlef Province |
| District | Chlef District |
| Elevation | 114 m (374 ft) |
| Population (2008)[1] | |
| • Total | 178,616 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Postal code | 02000 |
Chlef (Arabic: الشلف) is the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria. Located in the north of Algeria, 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of the capital, Algiers, it was founded in 1843, as Orléansville, on the ruins of Roman Castellum Tingitanum. In 1962, it was renamed Al-Asnam. The present name, Chlef, which it bears since 1980, is derived from the name of the longest river in Algeria.
It is home to the soccer club ASO Chlef, the Hassiba Ben Bouali university, and the ruins of the basilica of Reparatus, who was bishop of Castellum Tingitanum from 465 to 475. A corner of the flooring of the basilica contained a mosaic labyrinth, the oldest known example of Christian use of this motif.
Geography
Chlef lies in a valley at an elevation of 114 metres (374 ft) between two ranges of hills to the north and west. The city is surrounded by farmland; there are scattered trees both in the valley and on the hills.
History
Ancient Castellum Tingitii
The Roman citadel, Castellum Tingitanum, was a city of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The site became known in the Arab era as Al-Asnam (Arabic for "sculptures") for an area of 600 by 300 metres (1,970 by 980 feet) containing many statues.
Former bishopric
A Christian basilica dating back to the reign of the Emperor Constantine was discovered here, with an elaborate mosaic. This is the oldest church to be found in Africa[2]
No details are known about the ancient bishopric.
It was revived nominally as a Roman Catholic titular see in 1965, and was filled regularly since.
Titular bishops
- Agustín Rodríguez (1965.12.07 – 1968.12.25)
- Antonino Nepomuceno, Oblate O.M.I. (1969.07.11 – 1997.02.14)
- Ireneusz Józef Pękalski, Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Łódź (Poland) (1999.12.11 - present)
Al-Asnam and the Ouled Kosseir
 |
Chellif Valley was from the 15th century the territory of the Bedouin Ouled Kosseir, who settled there under the leadership of Hamou El Kosseir (H'ammü'l-Quççayri) having displaced the indigenous Berber tribes. This tribe is a tribal Djouadi (military nobility). If they even call themselves descendants of the Beni Makhzum (Either Khaled Ibn El Walid).[clarification needed] Some historians believe that it belongs to the Confederation of Ibn Suwayd Zoghba of Beni Hillal and therefore cousins of Mehal, other military nobility.
Documents of the French army and other historians speak of "most powerful and wealthy tribes' in the Chellif Valley in 1830,[citation needed] with more than 500,000 hectares of very fertile land and more than 19,000 soldiers. The Ouled Kosseir participated in the moubayâa[clarification needed] of the Emir Abdelkader, and their territory was granted under the Treaty of Tafna.
After the defeat of the Emir and his allies, their lands were in large part confiscated and distributed among settlers and other indigenous people, including Medjadja, marabouts who supported the French army on arrival.
The French Administration of Napoleon III, under the "Arab kingdom", tried to honor the leaders of the Ouled Kosseir as it does at that time, all with Djouadi[clarification needed]. As such, some were decorated with the Legion of Honour (or Med Foudad Kharoubi Ben Ben Bia[clarification needed]).
The last Kaid (tribal leader) with the arrival of the French army was Foudad Ben Adda, who served during 1867 on the city council of the municipality of Orleansville. He was also a member of the General Council of Algiers until his death in 1869.
Orléansville
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In 1843 Maréchal Bugeaud founded the city of Orléansville at the modern site of Chlef.
The town was located at the confluence of the Chlef River and the Tsighaout River. The town developed due to the harsh climate, one of the hottest in northern Algeria.
The 6.7 Mw Chlef earthquake shook northern Algeria on 9 September 1954 with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). At least 1,243 people were killed and 5,000 were injured.
At that time the town had a population of 44,400 inhabitants.[citation needed] It was the home of the Algerian Division of the artistic group Lettrist International (LI), some of whom died in the earthquake. Mohamed Dahou survived and went on to become involved in the Situationist International. The LI described the town as "the most lettrist city in the world".[citation needed]
Population
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2014) |
Transportation
Chlef has a station on the Algiers-Oran railway line. The city is served by Chlef International Airport.
Climate
Chlef has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with very hot, dry summers and mild, moist winters.
| Climate data for Chlef | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.1 (98.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
25.3 (77.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.9 (65.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
12.3 (54.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.4 (1.71) |
56.7 (2.23) |
39.3 (1.55) |
39.9 (1.57) |
34.0 (1.34) |
10.5 (0.41) |
1.8 (0.07) |
6.0 (0.24) |
11.5 (0.45) |
51.3 (2.02) |
53.0 (2.09) |
61.9 (2.44) |
409.3 (16.12) |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[3] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ "Algeria - largest cities". World Gazeteer. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ^ Francois Decret, Early Christianity in North Africa(James Clarke & Co, 2011) p84
- ^ "Climate Normals for Chlef". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
Sources and External links
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