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Conrad Schick

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Conrad Schick

Conrad Schick (1822–1901) was a German architect, archaeologist and Protestant missionary who settled in Jerusalem in the mid-nineteenth century.[1]

Biography

Tabor House, Jerusalem

Conrad Schick was born in Bitz, Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany. At the age of 24, after completing his studies in Basel, he settled in Palestine in October 1846.[2] The St. Chrischona Pilgrim Mission at Bettingen sent him out as missionary.[3]

When Schick died in Jerusalem in 1901, he was mourned by Jews, Muslims and Christians alike. He was buried in the Protestant cemetery on Mount Zion.[1]

Architecture

German Hospital on Straus Street, today Bikur Holim Hospital, designed by Conrad Schick

The house that Schick built for his family, Tabor House, or Beit Tavor in Hebrew, on Jerusalem's Street of the Prophets, is still standing.[4] The name of the house is based on a verse from Psalms (89:12): "The north and the south, Thou has created them; Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in Thy name." The façade is decorated with carvings of palm leaves and the Greek letters Alpha and Omega, symbolizing the beginning and the end.[5] The house was bought in 1951 by Swedish Protestants and now houses the Swedish Theological Institute for religious instruction and Land of Israel studies.[5]

Schick was chosen to design Mea Shearim, one of the first neighbourhoods in Jerusalem built outside the walls of the Old City.[6]

In 1887, Schick designed the Unity of the Brethren lepers' hospital Jesus Hilfe, since 1885 led by his son-in-law Dr. Adalbert Einsler (1848–1919), a landmark building (today's Hansen Government Hospital for Lepers) that can still be seen today near the Jerusalem Theater in Talbiya.[7] Other buildings designed by Schick are St. Paul's Anglican Chapel and the German Deaconesses Hospital (today the eastern wing of Bikur Holim Hospital), both on Street of the Prophets.[8]

Archaeology

Schick is also remembered for his fifty years of archaeological investigations of Jerusalem and its surroundings. He worked for many years for the Palestine Exploration Fund, publishing frequently in the Fund's journal.[9] In 1872, Schick was permitted to conduct research on the Temple Mount, which was generally off limits to non-Muslims. Consequently, he built models of the Temple Mount (see below).[10]

Schick was involved in the discovery and initial study of the Siloam Inscription describing how the Siloam Tunnel was finished, probably in the days of King Hezekiah of Judah.[11]

In 1874 Schick was the first scholar to publish a description of the Garden Tomb, and in 1901 he rejected General Charles Gordon's theory of it being the tomb of Jesus.[11]

Biblical models

Schick's model of Herod's Temple on the Temple Mount, Schmidt School, Jerusalem, with portrait of Schick in the background

Schick constructed a notable series of models of the Muslim buildings of the Haram al-Sharif on the Temple Mount, and some somewhat outdated replicas of the Jewish Temple based on the information available in his time.

Two wooden models of the Temple Mount he built were exhibited in the Turkish pavilion at the Vienna World Exposition of 1873. Haim Goren of Tel-Hai Academic College says that one of the models, measuring 4 by 3 meters, did not find a buyer after the end of the World Fair. It was housed at the Chrischona mission near Basel, Switzerland for 138 years. It was recently purchased by Christ Church in the Old City of Jerusalem.,[7][12] King Charles I of Württemberg bought the other and subsequently raised Schick to the rank of Royal Württembergian Hofbaurat (Privy Construction Councillor) for his excellent work.,[10][13]

His replica of the biblical Tabernacle was visited in Jerusalem by several crowned heads of state, toured the United Kingdom, and was exhibited at the 1873 Vienna World Fair.[13]

Schick built a replica of the Temple Mount and Dome of the Rock for the Ottoman Sultan. His final model, in four sections, each representing the Temple Mount as it appeared in a particular era, was exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904.[13]

Two models of the Temple Mount created by Schick are located in the basement of the Paulus-Haus museum on Nablus Road, just outside the Old City of Jerusalem near the Damascus Gate. One model shows the Temple Mount as it was in the 1870s, based on his research. The other is a somewhat fanciful model of the Jewish Temple.

Commemoration

The Conrad Schick Library at Christ Church, in the Old City of Jerusalem, is named for him.[14]

Assorted writings

  • Schick, C. (1878). "Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 1: 132–176.
  • Schick, C. (1879). "Neue Funde im Norden von Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 102–112.
  • Marti, K.; Schick, C (1880). "Mittheilungen von Baurath C. Schick in Jerusalem über die alten Lauren und Klöster in der Wüste Juda". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 3: 1–43.
  • Schick, C. (1891). "Reports from Jerusalem - Letters from Herr Schick". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 23: 198–204. doi:10.1179/peq.1891.23.3.198.
  • Schick, C. (1892). "Letters from Baurath C. Schick / Remarkable Rock cut tomb in Wady el Joz". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 24: 9–16.
  • Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
  • Schick, C. (1899). "Reports by Dr. Conrad Schick". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 31: 36–37.
  • Schick C. (1899). "Ancient Rock-cut Wine-presses at 'Ain Karim". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 31: 41–42.
  • Schick C. (1905). "The birthplace of St. John the Baptist". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 37: 61–69.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b British mission to the Jews in nineteenth-century Palestine, by Yaron Perry, Routledge, 2003, p. 110.
  2. ^ [1] conradschick.wordpress.com
  3. ^ August Strobel, Deine Mauern stehen vor mir allezeit: Bauten und Denkmäler der deutschen Siedlungs- und Forschungsgeschichte im Heiligen Land, Gießen: Brunnen, 1998, (= Biblische Archäologie und Zeitgeschichte; vol. 7), p. 65. ISBN 3-7655-9807-0
  4. ^ Rehov Hanevi'im - Around the houses, Jerusalem Post Archived 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b Jerusalem architecture
  6. ^ Peeking through the highrises: famed Jerusalem street's old architectural glories, Haaretz
  7. ^ a b Life of Conrad Schick
  8. ^ Christian architecture in Jerusalem
  9. ^ Measuring Jerusalem: the Palestine Exploration Fund and British interests in the Holy Land, John James Moscrop, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 101
  10. ^ a b August Strobel, Conrad Schick: ein Leben für Jerusalem; Zeugnisse über einen erkannten Auftrag, Fürth: Flacius-Verlag, 1988, p. 44. ISBN 3-924022-18-6
  11. ^ a b Lawson Stone, What Goes Around: The Siloam Tunnel Inscription, 20 August 2014, accessed 6 April 2018
  12. ^ Tiny model of Temple Mount returns to Jerusalem, Haaretz
  13. ^ a b c Simon Goldhill, The Temple of Jerusalem, Harvard University Press, p. 129
  14. ^ Rare books library
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