DARVO
DARVO is an acronym for "deny, attack, and reverse victim and offender". It is a common manipulation strategy of psychological abusers.[1][2][3] The abuser denies the abuse ever took place, attacks the victim for attempting to hold the abuser accountable, and claims that they, the abuser, are actually the victim in the situation, thus reversing the reality of the victim and offender.[1][3] This usually involves not just "playing the victim" but also victim blaming.[2] It is similar to some mechanisms that have been passed down subculturally and misused institutionally for millennia in the phenomenon of anti-Judaism or anti-Semitism.[4]
Origins[edit]
The acronym and the analysis it is based on are the work of the psychologist Jennifer Freyd, whose webpage links to an article explaining that the first stage of DARVO, denial, involves gaslighting.[1][2][3]
Jennifer Freyd writes:
...I have observed that actual abusers threaten, bully and make a nightmare for anyone who holds them accountable or asks them to change their abusive behavior. This attack, intended to chill and terrify, typically includes threats of law suits, overt and covert attacks on the whistle-blower's credibility, and so on. The attack will often take the form of focusing on ridiculing the person who attempts to hold the offender accountable. [...] [T]he offender rapidly creates the impression that the abuser is the wronged one, while the victim or concerned observer is the offender. Figure and ground are completely reversed. [...] The offender is on the offense and the person attempting to hold the offender accountable is put on the defense.[5]
Examples[edit]
Alleged examples of DARVO in public events include:
- The behaviour of R. Kelly during an interview related to criminal proceedings against him for sexual abuse of minors.[6]
- The behaviour of former American President Donald Trump in defending himself against sexual harassment allegations, as well as in defending himself against allegations of his other wrongdoings.[7][8]
- The behaviour of Johnny Depp after his ex-wife Amber Heard wrote an op-ed about her experiences of leaving an abusive relationship.[9]
In popular media[edit]
In the 2019 episode Season Finale of South Park, an incarcerated character calls President Trump for advice.[10] The President explains to him DARVO and role plays how to use it.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Freyd, J.J. (February 1997). "II. Violations of Power, Adaptive Blindness and Betrayal Trauma Theory" (PDF). Freyd Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ a b c Harsey, Sarah (June 1, 2017). "Perpetrator Responses to Victim Confrontation: DARVO and Victim Self-Blame". Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 26 (6): 644–663. doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1320777.
- ^ a b c Wakefield, M. (March 30, 2020). "How Narcissists Use DARVO to Escape Accountability". Narcissistic Abuse Rehab. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ Antisemitism has been explained, among other things, in terms of projected guilt, the search for a scapegoat, and displaced aggression. Bell, Dean Phillip (2008). Jews in the early modern world. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-7425-4518-2..
- ^ Freyd, J.J. (February 1997). "II. Violations of power, adaptive blindness, and betrayal trauma theory" (PDF). Feminism & Psychology. 7 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1177/0959353597071004. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Dampier, Cindy (March 7, 2019). "R. Kelly's CBS meltdown has a name, says researcher: 'That's DARVO'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Louise F.; Freyd, Jennifer J. (December 20, 2017). "Trump's DARVO defense of harassment accusations". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- ^ Freyd, Jennifer J. (2021). "What is DARVO?". University of Oregon. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Marshall, Alex (November 2, 2020). "Johnny Depp Loses Court Case Against Newspaper That Called Him a 'Wife Beater'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
- ^ "It's Called DARVO - South Park | South Park Studios US". South Park United States. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
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