Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8

DGCR8
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1X47, 2YT4, 3LE4, 5B16
Identifiers
Aliases	DGCR8, C22orf12, DGCRK6, Gy1, pasha, Pasha, DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit, microprocessor complex subunit
External IDs	OMIM: 609030; MGI: 2151114; HomoloGene: 11223; GeneCards: DGCR8; OMA:DGCR8 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	20,111,877 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; sural nerve; ; right testis; ; left testis; ; body of uterus; ; right ovary; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; body of pancreas; ; left ovary; ; apex of heart;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	primary miRNA binding; ribonuclease III activity; double-stranded RNA binding; protein binding; heme binding; protein homodimerization activity; metal ion binding; RNA binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; microprocessor complex; nucleolus; nucleus; nucleoplasm; postsynaptic density;
Biological process	regulation of stem cell proliferation; primary miRNA processing; RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic; RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis; miRNA metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	54487
	94223
	ENSG00000128191
	ENSMUSG00000022718
	Q8WYQ5
	Q9EQM6
	NM_001190326; NM_022720
	NM_033324
	NP_001177255; NP_073557
	NP_201581
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit (DiGeorge syndrome chromosomal [or critical] region 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGCR8 gene.^[4] In other animals, particularly the common model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, the protein is known as Pasha (partner of Drosha).^[5] It is a required component of the RNA interference pathway.

Function

DGCR8 is localized to the cell nucleus and is required for microRNA (miRNA) processing. It binds to Drosha, an RNase III enzyme, to form the Microprocessor complex that cleaves a primary transcript known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic stem-loop structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme Dicer. DGCR8 contains an RNA-binding domain and is thought to bind pri-miRNA to stabilize it for processing by Drosha.^[6]

DGCR8 is also required for some types of DNA repair. Removal of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, during transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), depends on JNK phosphorylation of DGCR8 on serine 153.^[7] While DGCR8 is known to function in microRNA biogenesis, this activity is not required for DGCR8-dependent removal of UV-induced photoproducts.^[7] Nucleotide excision repair is also needed for repair of oxidative DNA damage due to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and DGCR8 depleted cells are sensitive to H₂O₂.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8".
^ Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ (Nov 2004). "Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex". Nature. 432 (7014): 231–5. doi:10.1038/nature03049. PMID 15531879.
^ Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN (2006). "Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (16): 4622–9. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458. PMC 1636349. PMID 16963499.
^ ^a ^b ^c Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T (2017). "DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing". Cell Rep. 19 (1): 162–174. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021. PMC 5423785. PMID 28380355.

Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, Pepperkok R, Wiemann S (Sep 2000). "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Reports. 1 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614.
Shiohama A, Sasaki T, Noda S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N (Apr 2003). "Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a novel gene DGCR8 located in the DiGeorge syndrome chromosomal region". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 304 (1): 184–90. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00554-0. PMID 12705904.
Gregory RI, Yan KP, Amuthan G, Chendrimada T, Doratotaj B, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R (Nov 2004). "The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs". Nature. 432 (7014): 235–40. doi:10.1038/nature03120. PMID 15531877.
Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Kim YK, Jin H, Kim VN (Dec 2004). "The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing". Genes & Development. 18 (24): 3016–27. doi:10.1101/gad.1262504. PMC 535913. PMID 15574589.
Landthaler M, Yalcin A, Tuschl T (Dec 2004). "The human DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 and Its D. melanogaster homolog are required for miRNA biogenesis". Current Biology. 14 (23): 2162–7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.001. PMID 15589161.
Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN (Jun 2006). "Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex". Cell. 125 (5): 887–901. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043. PMID 16751099.
Faller M, Matsunaga M, Yin S, Loo JA, Guo F (Jan 2007). "Heme is involved in microRNA processing". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 14 (1): 23–9. doi:10.1038/nsmb1182. PMID 17159994.
Sohn SY, Bae WJ, Kim JJ, Yeom KH, Kim VN, Cho Y (Sep 2007). "Crystal structure of human DGCR8 core". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 14 (9): 847–53. doi:10.1038/nsmb1294. PMID 17704815.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 22 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8".

[5] Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ (Nov 2004). "Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex". Nature. 432 (7014): 231–5. doi:10.1038/nature03049. PMID 15531879.

[6] Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN (2006). "Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (16): 4622–9. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458. PMC 1636349. PMID 16963499.

[Calses-7] Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T (2017). "DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing". Cell Rep. 19 (1): 162–174. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021. PMC 5423785. PMID 28380355.

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Function

References

Further reading