Daigremontianin

Daigremontianin
Names
	IUPAC name (1β,3β,5β,11α)-1,3,5-(ethylidynetris(oxy)-11,14-dihydroxy-12,19-dioxobufa-20,22-dienolide
Identifiers
CAS Number	98205-50-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	112839 ;
PubChem CID	127105;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID40897532 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H30O9/c1-22-15(13-3-4-18(28)32-11-13)6-8-26(22,31)16-5-7-24-10-14-9-17(34-23(2,33-14)35-24)25(24,12-27)19(16)20(29)21(22)30/h3-4,11-12,14-17,19-20,29,31H,5-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15+,16+,17?,19+,20-,22-,23?,24?,25+,26-/m0/s1 Key: PHOLEJIIASOWOL-SQBSQXRJSA-N ; InChI=1/C26H30O9/c1-22-15(13-3-4-18(28)32-11-13)6-8-26(22,31)16-5-7-24-10-14-9-17(34-23(2,33-14)35-24)25(24,12-27)19(16)20(29)21(22)30/h3-4,11-12,14-17,19-20,29,31H,5-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15+,16+,17?,19+,20-,22-,23?,24?,25+,26-/m0/s1 Key: PHOLEJIIASOWOL-SQBSQXRJBB;
	SMILES C[C@@]12[C@@](CC[C@@H]2C(C=C3)=COC3=O)(O)[C@]4([H])CC[C@]5(OC6(C)O7)C[C@@H]7C[C@@H](O6)[C@]5(C=O)[C@@]4([H])[C@H](O)C1=O; O=C\1O\C=C(/C=C/1)[C@@H]6[C@]5(C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7[C@]3(C=O)C4(OC2(O[C@@H](CC3O2)C4)C)CC[C@H]7[C@@]5(O)CC6)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C26H30O9
Molar mass	486.517 g·mol−1
Density	1.49 g/mL
Boiling point	695.2 °C (1,283.4 °F; 968.4 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Daigremontianin is a bufadienolide. Bufadienolides are steroids and cardiac glycoside aglycones (meaning that they bind with carbohydrates to form cardiac glycosides) that are similar to cardenolides, differing only in the structure of the C-17 substituent on the D ring. This chemical has been found to be toxic in experiments on mice.^[1]^[2] It is one of five bufadienolides that have been isolated from Kalanchoe daigremontiana.

Toxicity

Crassulaceans are one of the prime sources of bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (including daigremontianin) responsible for an estimated 33% of cattle mortalities related to plant poisoning in South Africa. Crassulacean bufadienolides cause cardiac poisoning, but repeated small doses cause a condition called cotyledonosis an intoxication affecting nervous and muscular systems of small animals, particularly, sheep in the Karoo area of South Africa.

Traditional medicine

In traditional medicine Kalanchoe species are used to treat several ailments, e.g. infections, rheumatism and inflammation. Kalanchoe sp. extracts have immonosuppressive effects. Two of the five Kalanchoe daigremontiana glycosides - daigremontianin and bersaldegenin 1,3,5-orthoacetate have shown to have sedative effect and with an increase in the dose an increasing effect on the central nervous system besides having strong positive inotropic effect associated with cardiac glycosides.

References

^ Wagner, H.; Fischer, M.; Lotter, H. (1985). "Neue Bufadienolide von Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr. (Crassulaceae)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (in German). 40 (9): 1226–1227. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
^ Wagner, H.; Lotter, H.; Fischer, M. (1986). "Die toxischen und sedierend wirkenden Bufadienolide von Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr". Helvetica Chimica Acta (in German). 69 (2): 359–367. doi:10.1002/hlca.19860690215. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

External links

Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility

[1] Wagner, H.; Fischer, M.; Lotter, H. (1985). "Neue Bufadienolide von Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr. (Crassulaceae)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (in German). 40 (9): 1226–1227. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

[2] Wagner, H.; Lotter, H.; Fischer, M. (1986). "Die toxischen und sedierend wirkenden Bufadienolide von Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr". Helvetica Chimica Acta (in German). 69 (2): 359–367. doi:10.1002/hlca.19860690215. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

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