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Demographics of Tuvalu

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A Tuvaluan dancer at Auckland's Pasifika Festival

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Tuvalu, including the age structure, ethnicity, education level, life expectancy, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Summary of the demographics of Tuvalu

The population of Tuvalu is primarily of Polynesian ethnicity with approximately 5.6% of the population being Micronesian.[1] Tuvaluans are ethnically related to the people of Samoa and Tonga. There is evidence for a dual genetic origin of Pacific Islanders in Asia and Melanesia, which results from an analysis of Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers; there is also evidence that Fiji playing a pivotal role in west-to-east expansion within Polynesia.[2]

The vast majority of Tuvaluans belong to the Church of Tuvalu, a Protestant denomination. Their ancestors were converted by Christian missionaries in the 19th century.

School attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001).[3] Adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002).[4]

  • Primary school enrollment (2006): 100 percent[5]
  • Secondary school enrollment (2001): 79.5 percent[5]

Life expectancy for women in Tuvalu is 68.41 years and 64.01 years for men (2015 est.).[3]

The population of Tuvalu is recorded by the Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu in the census information:[6]

1979 Census 1985 Census 1991 Census 2002 Census 2012 Census
7,349[7] 8,229[7] 9,043[7] 9,359[7] 10,640[7]

The net migration rate is estimated at -6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.).[3] The threat of global warming in Tuvalu is not a dominant motivation for migration as Tuvaluans appear to prefer to continue living on the islands for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity.[8]

The Census Monograph on Migration, Urbanization and Youth provides an analysis of the 2012 census and reported:[9]

  • A total of 1,200 people were listed as being out of country on census night with more males (57%) than females (43%) absent. The high proportion in range of ages 15 to 29 years (37 percent of the total) is described as indicating the significance of overseas tertiary education and training.[9]
  • The 2013 Census of New Zealand reported 3,537 Tuvaluans, an increase of 80 percent from the 1,965 reported in the 2001 census. In the 2013 census, only about 40 percent (1,419) had been born in Tuvalu. The high proportion of Tuvaluans who are New Zealand born is described as illustrating the significance of migration to New Zealand.[9]
  • The Tuvaluan community in Australia is recorded in the 2011 Australian Census as 228 people who put Tuvaluan as their first response to a question on ‘ancestry’; of these 120 were born in Tuvalu.[9]
  • The islands of Nanumea, Nanumaga, Nukufetau and Niutao had relatively high net migration losses, with most being internal migrants to Funafuti. Vaitupu had the largest net migration gain, although this is attributed to the location of Motufoua Secondary School on Vaitupu and the movement of students from the other islands.[9]

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[3] unless otherwise indicated.

Children on a wharf at Funafuti lagoon

Population

Population Distribution of Tuvalu by Age Group (2014)
10,640 for the 2012 Census;[1][7] which is a revised figure from the preliminary analysis that was 10,837 (2012 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Analytical Report).[10]
10,869 (July 2015 est.)[3]

Age structure

0-14 years: 29.4% (male 1,639/female 1,557)
15-24 years: 20.27% (male 1,157/female 1,046)
25-54 years: 36.35% (male 1,946/female 2,005)
55-64 years: 8.41% (male 373/female 541)
65 years and over: 5.57% (male 247/female 358) (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 25.2 years
male: 24.1 years
female: 26.6 years (2015 est.)

Population growth rate

0.82%% (2015 est.)

Birth rate

23.24 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Death rate

8.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2015 est.)

Net migration rate

-6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.042 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.69 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 30.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 66.16 years
male: 65.01 years
female: 68.41 years (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate

3 children born/woman (2015 est.)

Nationality

noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan

Ethnic groups

Polynesian 94.4%; Micronesian 5.6%[1]

Religions

Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-day Adventist 1.4%, Bahá'í 1%, other 0.6%, such as the Catholic Church, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.[11]

Languages

Tuvaluan, English, Gilbertese (on the island of Nui)[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Population of communities in Tuvalu". world-statistics.org. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  2. ^ "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific". Anthrocivitas.net. October 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e "The World Factbook (CIA)". 25 February 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Tuvalu: 2010 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu". International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/46. 8 February 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Tuvalu: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu" (PDF). International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 14/253. 5 August 2014. p. 18. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Census of Population and Housing and sample Surveys". Central Statistics Division – Government of Tuvalu. 2006. Retrieved 17 Oct 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Population of communities in Tuvalu". Thomas Brinkhoff. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  8. ^ Colette Mortreux & Jon Barnett (2009). "Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu" (PDF). Global Environmental Change. 19: 105–112. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.006.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Tuvalu Population and Housing Census 2012: Migration, Urbanisation and Youth Monograph". Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu/University of Auckland, New Zealand/United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  10. ^ "Tuvalu: Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework - Improving Quality of Education" (PDF). Ministry of Education and Sports, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development from the Government of Tuvalu; and the United Nations System in the Pacific Islands. April 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  11. ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World, pg. 344
  12. ^ "Tuvaluan (Te 'gana Tūvalu)". Omniglot. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
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