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Dinosaur size

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Size has been one of the most interesting aspects of dinosaur science to the general public. This article lists the largest and smallest dinosaurs from various groups, sorted in order of weight and length.

Scale diagram comparing a human and the largest known dinosaurs of five major clades

This list excludes unpublished material. In some cases, dinosaurs are known that will be included on this list if/when they are officially described. In addition, weight estimates for dinosaurs are much more variable than length estimates, because estimating length for extinct animals is much more easily done from a skeleton than estimating weight.

General records

Heaviest dinosaurs

See also Most massive sauropods The ten largest known dinosaurs by weight, based on published weight estimates.

  1. Amphicoelias: 122.4 t[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus: 73-88 t[2][3]
  3. Futalognkosaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus)[4]
  4. Puertasaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  5. Antarctosaurus: 69 t[3]
  6. Paralititan: 59 t[2]
  7. Sauroposeidon: 50-60 t[6][7]
  8. Turiasaurus: 40-48 t[8]
  9. Supersaurus: 35-40 t[9]
  10. Diplodocus: 16-38 t[1][3]

Longest dinosaurs

See also Longest sauropods The ten longest known dinosaurs, based on published length estimates.

  1. Amphicoelias: 40–?60 m (131–?198 ft)[1]
  2. Supersaurus: 33 to 34 m (108 to 112 ft)[9]
  3. Futalognkosaurus: 32–34 m (105–112 ft)[4]
  4. Sauroposeidon: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[1][6][7]
  5. Diplodocus: 25.6–33.5 m (84–110 ft)[1][3]
  6. Argentinosaurus: 30 m (98 ft)[1]
  7. Puertasaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  8. Hudiesaurus: 30 m (98 ft)[10]
  9. Turiasaurus: >30 m (98 ft)[8]
  10. Barosaurus: 26 m (85 ft)[11]

Lightest dinosaurs

The ten smallest known non-avian dinosaurs by weight, based on published length estimates.

  1. Anchiornis: 110 g[12]
  2. Epidexipteryx: 164 g[13]
  3. Compsognathus: 0.26 kg-3.5 kg[11][14]
  4. Juravenator: 0.34 kg[14]
  5. Fruitadens: 0.50 kg-0.75 kg[15]
  6. Sinosauropteryx: 0.55 kg[14]
  7. Microraptor: ~1 kg[16]

Shortest dinosaurs

The ten shortest known non-avian dinosaurs, based on published length estimates.

  1. Epidexipteryx: 25 cm (9.8 in)[13]
  2. Anchiornis: 34 cm (1.12 ft)[12]
  3. Jinfengopteryx: 55 cm (1.80 ft)[17]
  4. Echinodon: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  5. Graciliceratops: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  6. Shuvuuia: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  7. Wannanosaurus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  8. Gasparinisaura: 65 cm (2.13 ft)[18]
  9. Fruitadens: 65–75 cm (2.13–2.46 ft)[15]
  10. Protarchaeopteryx: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[18]

Theropods

Main article: Theropoda

Sizes are given with a range, where possible, of estimates that have not been contradicted by more recent studies. In cases where a range of currently accepted estimates exist, sources are given for the sources with the lowest and highest estimates, respectively, and only the highest values are given if these individual sources give a range of estimates.

Longest theropods

Size comparison of selected giant theropod dinosaurs

Size by overall length, including tail, of all theropods over 12 meters.

  1. Spinosaurus: 14.3–18 m (47–59 ft)[14][19]
  2. Carcharodontosaurus: 12–13.2 m (39–43 ft)[14][20]
  3. Giganotosaurus: 12.5–13 m (41–43 ft)[11][14]
  4. Tyrannosaurus: 12.8 m (42 ft)[21]
  5. Bahariasaurus: (comparable to Tyrannosaurus)[22]
  6. Mapusaurus: longest reliably estimated as 10.2 m (33 ft), isolated remains comparable to those of Giganotosaurus estimated as 12.2 m (40 ft)[23]

Most massive theropods

Size by overall weight of all theropods with maximum weight estimates of over 4 metric tons.

  1. Spinosaurus: 7-20.9 t[14][19]
  2. Carcharodontosaurus: 6.1-15.1 t[11][14]
  3. Giganotosaurus: 6.5-13.8 t[11][14]
  4. Tyrannosaurus: 6-9.1 t[14][24]
  5. Bahariasaurus: (comparable to Tyrannosaurus)[22]
  6. Deinocheirus: ?9 t[25]
  7. Acrocanthosaurus: 5.6-6.2 t[14][26]
  8. Suchomimus: 3.8-5.2 t[11][14]
  9. Tarbosaurus: 1.6-5 t[24][25]

Shortest non-avian theropods

Size comparison of the smallest non-avian theropods

A list of all known non-avian theropods with an adult length of under 1 meter, excluding soft tissue such as feathered tails.

  1. Epidexipteryx: 25 cm (9.8 in)[13]
  2. Anchiornis: 34 cm (13 in)[12]
  3. Jinfengopteryx: 55 cm (1.80 ft)[17]
  4. Shuvuuia: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  5. Mahakala: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[27]
  6. Protarchaeopteryx: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[18]
  7. Rahonavis: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[18]
  8. Pneumatoraptor: 73 cm (2.40 ft)[28]
  9. Juravenator: 75–80 cm (2.46–2.62 ft)[14]
  10. Caudipteryx: 90 cm (3.0 ft)[18]
  11. Incisivosaurus: ?90 cm (3.0 ft)[18]
  12. Sinosauropteryx: 94 cm (3.08 ft)[14]
  13. Cryptovolans: 95 cm (3.12 ft)[29]

Least massive non-avian theropods

A list of all known non-avian theropods with an adult weight of 1 kilogram or less.

  1. Anchiornis: 110 g[12]
  2. Epidexipteryx: 164 g[13]
  3. Compsognathus: 0.26 kg-3.5 kg[11][14]
  4. Juravenator: 0.34 kg[14]
  5. Sinosauropteryx: 0.55 kg[14]
  6. Microraptor: 0.95 kg[16]

Sauropods

Main article: Sauropoda

Sauropod size is difficult to estimate given their usually fragmentary state of preservation. Sauropods are often preserved without their tails, so the margin of error in overall length estimates is high. Mass is calculated using the cube of the length, so for species in which the length is particularly uncertain, the weight is even more so. Estimates that are particularly uncertain (due to very fragmentary or lost material) are preceded by a question mark. Each number represents the highest estimate of a given research paper.

Note that, generally, the giant sauropods can be divided into two categories: the shorter but stockier and more massive forms (mainly titanosaurs and some brachiosaurids), and the longer but slenderer and more light-weight forms (mainly diplodocids).

Longest sauropods

Size comparison of selected giant sauropod dinosaurs

A list of sauropods that reached over 20 meters in length, including neck and tail.

  1. Amphicoelias: 40–60 m (130–200 ft) (131–198 ft)[1]
  2. Supersaurus: 33 to 34 m (108 to 112 ft)[9]
  3. Futalognkosaurus: 32–34 m (105–112 ft)[4]
  4. Sauroposeidon: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[1][6][7]
  5. Diplodocus: 25.6–33.5 m (84–110 ft)[1][3]
  6. Argentinosaurus: 30 m (98 ft)[1]
  7. Puertasaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  8. Hudiesaurus: 30 m (98 ft)[10]
  9. Turiasaurus: >30 m (98 ft)[8]
  10. Barosaurus: 26 m (85 ft)[11]
  11. Paralititan: 26 m (85 ft)[1]
  12. Apatosaurus: 22.8 m (75 ft)[3]
  13. Brachiosaurus: (larger than Giraffatitan)[30]
  14. Giraffatitan: 21.8 m (72 ft)[3]
  15. Mamenchisaurus: 20.4 m (67 ft)[3]
  16. Omeisaurus: 20.2 m (66 ft)[3]

Most massive sauropods

Size by overall weight of all sauropods over 20 metric tons.

  1. Amphicoelias: 122.4 t[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus: 73-88 t[2][3]
  3. Futalognkosaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus)[4]
  4. Puertasaurus: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  5. Paralititan: 59 t[2]
  6. Antarctosaurus: 69 t[3]
  7. Sauroposeidon: 50-60 t[6][7]
  8. Turiasaurus: 40-48 t[8]
  9. Supersaurus: 35-40 t[9]
  10. Diplodocus: 16-38 t[1][3]
  11. Brachiosaurus: 28.7-37 t[30][31]
  12. Giraffatitan: 23-39.5 t[3][30]
  13. Apatosaurus: 20.6 t[3]
  14. Barosaurus: 20 t[11]

Smallest sauropods

A list of all sauropods measuring 10 meters or less in length.

  1. Ohmdenosaurus: 4 m (13 ft)
  2. Blikanasaurus: 5 m (16 ft)
  3. Magyarosaurus: 5.3 m (17 ft)
  4. Europasaurus: 6 m (20 ft)
  5. Vulcanodon: 6.5 m (21 ft)
  6. Isanosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)
  7. Camelotia: 9 m (30 ft)
  8. Tazoudasaurus: 9 m (30 ft)
  9. Antetonitrus: 8–10 m (26–33 ft), 1.5–2 m (4.9–6.6 ft) tall at hip
  10. Shunosaurus: 10 m (33 ft)
  11. Brachytrachelopan: 10 m (33 ft)
  12. Amazonsaurus: 10 m (33 ft), 10 tons

Ornithopods

Main article: Ornithopoda

Longest ornithopods

Size comparison of selected giant ornithopod dinosaurs
  1. Zhuchengosaurus: 16.6 m (54 ft) (composite mount)[32]
  2. Lambeosaurus laticaudus: 15 m (49 ft), up to 16.5 m (54 ft)[33]
  3. Shantungosaurus: 14.72 m (48.3 ft) (composite mount)[34]
  4. Charonosaurus: 13 m (43 ft)[35]
  5. Edmontosaurus: 12 m (39 ft)[36] to 13 m (43 ft)[37]
  6. Anatotitan: 12 m (39 ft)[38]
  7. Olorotitan: 12 m (39 ft)[39]
  8. Saurolophus angustirostris: 12 m (39 ft)[40]
  9. Kritosaurus sp.: 11 m (36 ft)[41]
  10. Iguanodon: 10 m (33 ft), up to possibly 13 m (43 ft) for I. bernissartensis[42]

Most massive ornithopods

  1. ?Lambeosaurus laticaudus: up to 23 metric tons (25 short tons)[33]
  2. Shantungosaurus: up to 16 metric tons (17.6 short tons)[43]
  3. Edmontosaurus: 4.0 metric tons (4.4 short tons)[43]
  4. Hypacrosaurus: 4.0 metric tons (4.4 short tons)[43]

Ceratopsians

Main article: Ceratopsia

Longest ceratopsians

Size by overall length, including tail, of all ceratopsians measuring 6 meters or more in length.

  1. Eotriceratops 9 m (30 ft)[18]
  2. Triceratops: 9 m (30 ft)[18]
  3. Pachyrhinosaurus: 8 m (26 ft)[18]
  4. Pentaceratops: 8 m (26 ft)[18]
  5. Nedoceratops: 7.6 m (25 ft)[18]
  6. Torosaurus: 7.6 m (25 ft)[18]
  7. Agujaceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  8. Arrhinoceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  9. Chasmosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]

Smallest ceratopsians

A list of all ceratopsians 2 metres (6.6 feet) or less in length.

  1. Chaoyangsaurus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  2. Graciliceratops: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  3. Xuanhuaceratops: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  4. Microceratus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[18]
  5. Bagaceratops: 90 cm (3.0 ft)[18]
  6. Ajkaceratops: 1 m (3.3 ft)[44]
  7. Hongshanosaurus: 1.2 m (3.9 ft)[18]
  8. Protoceratops: 1.4 m (4.6 ft)[18]
  9. Archaeoceratops: 1.5 m (4.9 ft)[18]
  10. Yamaceratops: 1.5 m (4.9 ft)[18]
  11. Asiaceratops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[18]
  12. Cerasinops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[18]
  13. Leptoceratops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[18]
  14. Psittacosaurus: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[18]

Pachycephalosaurs

Main article: Pachycephalosauria

Longest pachycephalosaurs

  1. Pachycephalosaurus: 4.6 m (15 ft)

Smallest pachycephalosaurs

  1. Wannanosaurus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)
  2. Micropachycephalosaurus: 1 m (3.3 ft)[45]

Thyreophorans

Main article: Thyreophora

Longest thyreophorans

  1. Ankylosaurus: 6.25–10.7 m (20.5–35.1 ft)[46]
  2. Cedarpelta: 9.0 m (29.5 ft)[18]
  3. Stegosaurus: 9.0 m (29.5 ft)[18]
  4. Dacentrurus: 8 m (26 ft)[18]
  5. Tarchia: 8.0 m (26.2 ft)[18]
  6. Sauropelta: 7.6 m (25 ft)[18]
  7. Edmontonia: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  8. Euoplocephalus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  9. Panoplosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  10. Saichania: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  11. Shamosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  12. Tsagantegia: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  13. Tuojiangosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  14. Gigantspinosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]
  15. Jiangjunosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[18]

Smallest thyreophorans

  1. Liaoningosaurus (juvenile): ?34 cm (1.12 ft)[18]
  2. Scutellosaurus: 1.2 m (3.9 ft)[18]
  3. Dracopelta: 2 m (6.6 ft)[18]
  4. Minmi: 2 m (6.6 ft)

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  40. ^ Glut, Donald F. (1997). "Saurolophus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. pp. 788–789. ISBN 0-89950-917-7.
  41. ^ Kirkland, James I. (2006). "Large hadrosaurine dinosaurs from the latest Campanian of Coahuila, Mexico". In Lucas, S.G.; and Sullivan, Robert M. (eds.) (ed.). Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 35. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 299–315. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  42. ^ Naish, Darren (2001). "Ornithopod dinosaurs". Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight. London: The Palaeontological Association. pp. 60–132. ISBN 0-901702-72-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ a b c Horner, John R. (2004). "Hadrosauridae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (ed.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 438–463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  44. ^ Ősi, Attila (2010-05-27). "A Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from Europe with Asian affinities". Nature. 465 (7297): 466–468. doi:10.1038/nature09019. PMID 20505726. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ Butler, R.J. and Zhao, Q. 2009. "The small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs Micropachycephalosaurus hongtuyanensis and Wannanosaurus yansiensis from the Late Cretaceous of China." Cretaceous Research 30(1):63-77. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.03.002
  46. ^ Carpenter, K. (2004). "Redescription of Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 (Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 41: 961–986. doi:10.1139/e04-043.
  • Paul, Gregory S. (1997). "Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs". Dinofest International. 1997: 129–154.
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