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Donald Crisp

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Donald Crisp
from the trailer for the film Shining Victory (1941).
Born
George William Crisp

(1882-07-27)27 July 1882
Bow, London, England, United Kingdom
Died25 May 1974(1974-05-25) (aged 91)
Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, United States
Occupation(s)Actor, producer, director, screenwriter
Years active1908–63
Spouse(s)Marie Stark (19??-1919; divorced)
​
(m. 1932⁠–⁠1944)​
; divorced

Donald Crisp (born George William Crisp, 27 July 1882 – 25 May 1974) was an English-born, later United States-based film actor. He was an early producer, director and screenwriter. His career lasted from the early silent film into the 1960s. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his performance in How Green Was My Valley.[1]

Early life

Donald Crisp was born in Bow, London at the family home on 27 July 1882.[2] He was one of eight children (four boys and four girls) born to James and Elizabeth Crisp. He was educated at the University of Oxford[citation needed] after serving as a trooper in the 10th Hussars in the Boer War.[3] Crisp claimed to be of Scottish descent.

Early career

Donald Crisp in a US Army uniform for his role as General Ulysses S. Grant in a publicity still for D. W. Griffith's silent drama The Birth of a Nation (1915)

While travelling on the ship to America in 1906, Crisp's singing talents during a ship's concert caught the attention of opera impresario John C. Fisher, who immediately offered him a job with his company. Crisp spent his first year in New York City in Grand Opera, and the following year as a stage director. It was while touring with the company in the United States and Cuba that Crisp first became interested in the theatre.[4] By 1910, Crisp, now using the name Donald (he retained George as a middle name), was working as a stage manager for the renowned entertainer, composer, playwright and director George M. Cohan. It was during this time he met and befriended film director D.W. Griffith. When Griffith ventured west, to seek his fortune in Hollywood in 1912, Crisp accompanied him. [citation needed]

From 1908 to 1930, Crisp, in addition to directing dozens of films, also appeared in nearly 100 silent films, though many in bit or small parts. One notable exception was his casting by Griffith as General Ulysses S. Grant in Griffith's landmark film The Birth of a Nation in 1915. Another was his role in Griffith's 1919 film Broken Blossoms as "Battling Burrows", the brutal and abusive father of the film's heroine, Lucy Burrows (played by Lillian Gish; the actress was only 11 years his junior).[5]

Director

Crisp worked as an assistant to Griffith for several years and learned much during this time from Griffith, an early master of film story telling who was influential in advancing a number of early techniques, such as cross cutting in editing his films. This experience fostered a similar passion in Crisp to become a director in his own right. His first directing credit was Little Country Mouse, made in 1914. Many directors (and actors) would find themselves turning out a dozen or more films in a single year at this time. Over the next fifteen years, Crisp directed some 70 films in all, most notably The Navigator (1924) with Buster Keaton and Don Q, Son of Zorro (1925) with Douglas Fairbanks.[6]

When asked later by an interviewer why he eventually gave up directing and returned full-time to acting, Crisp commented that directing had become extremely wearisome because he was so often called upon, if not forced, to do favours for studio chiefs by agreeing to employ their relatives in his films. His final directorial effort was the film The Runaway Bride (1930).[5]

Military career

Between working for Griffith and other producers, along with his many acting roles, Crisp managed to return to Britain where he served in army intelligence during the First World War (1914–1918). During the Second World War (1939–1945), Crisp answered the call to duty at a time when his acting career was at its peak. This time, he served in United States Army Reserve, where he rose to the rank of Colonel. [citation needed]

Return to acting

With the advent of "talkies", Crisp abandoned directing and devoted himself entirely to acting after 1930. He became a much sought after character actor. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, he appeared in a wide range of roles alongside some of the era's biggest stars, including Katharine Hepburn in The Little Minister (1934) and A Woman Rebels (1936), Charles Laughton and Clark Gable in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), Bette Davis and Henry Fonda in That Certain Woman (1937), Laurence Olivier in Wuthering Heights (1939), Errol Flynn in The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939) and The Sea Hawk (1940) and Gregory Peck in The Valley of Decision (1945).[5]

A versatile supporting actor, Crisp could be equally good in either lovable or sinister roles. During the same period he was playing loving father figures or charming old codgers in classic films like National Velvet and Lassie Come Home, he also turned in a well received performance as Commander Beach, the tormented presumptive grandfather in Lewis Allen's The Uninvited (1944). Undoubtedly, however, Crisp's most memorable role was as the taciturn but loving father in How Green Was My Valley (1941) directed by John Ford. The film received ten Oscar nominations, winning five, including Best Picture, with Crisp winning the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor in 1942.[5]

Hollywood power broker

Crisp was an active and important liaison between the film industry and outside business interests. His extensive experience in business, the military and entertainment, including being a production and studio executive, lent itself well to this task. He became a highly valued adviser whose clear-headed forward thinking proved invaluable to the Bank of America, which was one of the leading sources of working capital for the film industry for many years (an industry whose life blood was loans). Crisp served on the bank's advisory board for several decades, including a stint as its chairman. In this role, he had the ear of its board of directors, and many of the films eventually financed by the bank during the 1930s and '40s got their most important approval from Crisp.[7]

Later years and legacy

Crisp eventually became one of the more wealthy members of the film industry. His "banker's sobriety", extensive contacts and clarity of thought allowed him to make good investments, particularly in the real estate market. He continued to appear in films throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s. During more than half a century as an actor, he appeared in as many as 400 two-reel and feature-length productions. His final screen role was as Grandpa Spencer alongside former film co-stars Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara in the 1963 film Spencer's Mountain. This film, adapted from the novel by Earl Hamner, Jr., was the basis for the 1970s television series The Waltons.[5]

Crisp was in his eighties by the time he quit acting entirely, continuing to work long after financially necessary simply because he enjoyed it. He was married twice. He was divorced from his first wife in 1919. He later married film screenwriter Jane Murfin, whom he divorced in 1944. He died in 1974, a few months short of his 92nd birthday, due to complications from a series of strokes. In addition to being one of the premier character actors of his era, he left behind an extensive list of contributions to the film industry he worked to promote for more than fifty years. He was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale, California.[8]

Partial filmography

As an actor

As a director

References

  1. ^ Obituary, Variety, 29 May 1974.
  2. ^ "Master Index of Births registered in England & Wales in July, August, September 1882". www.freebmd.org (FreeBMD). ONS (publisher). Retrieved 19 April 2015. George William Crisp: Poplar [London]. Folio 1 c. Page 594
  3. ^ Jewell, Ruth. "Donald Crisp". IMDb. Amazon.com. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  4. ^ Donald Crisp at the Internet Broadway Database
  5. ^ a b c d e Donald Crisp at IMDb
  6. ^ Employment contract with the Douglas Fairbanks Pictures Corporation, animationguild.org; accessed 9 July 2014.
  7. ^ Profile of Donald Crisp, nytimes.com; accessed 9 July 2014.
  8. ^ Literature on Donald Crisp, virtual-history.com; accessed 9 July 2014.
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