Ernest Townsend
Ernest Townsend | |
|---|---|
| File:Ernest Townsend Self Portrait.jpg Self portrait (fair use only) | |
| Born | January 1, 1880 |
| Died | January 22, 1944 Derby |
| Nationality | English |
| Education | Heatherley School of Fine Art and Royal Academy |
| Occupation | Portrait artist |
| Spouse | Doris Campbell |
Ernest Townsend (1 January 1880 – 22 January 1944) was a portrait artist from Derby in England.[1][2]
Townsend studied at Derby College of Art, Heatherleys in Chelsea and the Royal Academy. Among his notable works were a 1915 portrait of the Right Hon. Winston Churchill when he was First Lord of the Admiralty. This picture now hangs in the National Liberal Club in London.[3]
Townsend was commissioned to create a design for the roofs of the Rolls-Royce aircraft engine factories in Derby so that they would appear to German bombers to be no more than a village.[4]
Early years
Ernest Townsend was born in Parliament Street in Derby, the youngest of James Townsend's five children. His father was a coach builder with Holmes of Derby (later Sanderson & Holmes). Coach building had been the Townsend profession practised for at least three generations. James' father, William, had moved to Derby from Bitton in Gloucestershire in the late 1850s. However by the age of eight, Townsend's caregiver was his elder sister.[5]
His early education was at Abbey Street School and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a firm of architects, Wright and Thorpe (later known as T.H. Thorpe Associates), practising at 23 St James St, Derby. Thomas Harrison Thorpe, the junior partner, recognised Townsend's artistic ability immediately and a lifelong friendship developed between them.[5]
Heatherleys and the Royal Academy
Townsend's early promise was justified and eventually he left architecture altogether and embarked on a full-time course at the Heatherly School of Fine Art in London.[5] He then moved to a five-year course at the Royal Academy Schools. He was enrolled as a student in the School of Painting at the Royal Academy from the 28th January until January 1907. Amongst his tutors at the Academy Schools were John Singer Sargent and Lawrence Alma-Tadema.[4] His friends included Aubrey Beardsley, Alfred Munnings, Augustus John, and Laura Knight.[4] Townsend exhibited 15 paintings at the Academy between 1910 and 1937, as shown below.
As an impecunious art student, he lived with his brother, William Paulson Townsend, who had become Design Master at the Royal School of Needlework and was an author and editor of various art publications. Ernest supplemented his income with design work for these magazines, in particular for the Art Worker's Quarterly.
In 1904 he won the Royal Academy's Landseer Scholarship for figure painting and in 1905 he won the Academy's Creswick prize for 'Willows and Weeds', a painting donated by his family after his death to the Derby Art Gallery.[6]
Return to Derby
In 1907, he left London. After some time in Paris and the Netherlands, he returned to Derby, where he had a studio in Full Street, living in nearby Coxbench. In 1912, Townsend, like his friends, Alfred Munnings and Laura Knight, represented Great Britain in the Olympic Games in Stockholm by entering a painting in the Olympic Art exhibition.[5]
At the age of 25, Townsend was commissioned to paint his former headmaster at the School of Art, T.C. Simmonds. This painting was later accepted by the Royal Academy for its 1910 Summer Exhibition. Perhaps it was this success that led to another commission from the Town for a portrait of the Libraries Museum and Art Gallery Director, William Crowther, upon his retirement in 1911. Many more "official" commissions were to come from the Town for the remainder of Townsend's life; a succession of mayoral portraits[1] can be seen in the Council chamber today.
Portrait of Winston Churchill
Townsend's 1915 portrait of the Right Hon. Winston Churchill when he was First Lord of the Admiralty was commissioned anonymously. This picture now hangs in the National Liberal Club in London, but it was not hung until 1944. Churchill had been unavailable to unveil it in 1915, and when he was available, he was no longer popular in the Liberal Club. The portrait was mothballed and retrieved for public viewing only following Churchill's success in 1944, when he was belatedly asked to unveil it.[3]
The Derby Sketching Club
Just as the Academy Schools had its elite band of artists—Munnings, Laura Knight, et al—so did Derby on a lesser sca1e. Edwardian Derby had its own band of regional artists: Alfred John Keene (also noted for his fine early photography), S. H. Parkin, and Frank Gresley.[4] These and a number of lesser known but competent artists met via the Derby Sketching Club, to which Townsend was immediately attracted. He was to remain a member of the club for the rest of his life and he found a patron in Alfred E. Goodey via the club.
It was at the Sketching Club that he met Peter Campbell and his son Percy. Peter had moved from Stockton-on-Tees to work for the Bemrose Company as a commercial artist, although he later went freelance. Campbell produced much work for the Midland Railway. The friendship led to Ernest being invited to the Campbells' home on Havelock Road in Derby, which was then almost in the country. The three men shared an interest not only in art, but in amateur music. In this they were joined by Peter's daughter, Doris, who was an accomplished pianist to her father's violin and Townsend's baritone. Doris was also a member of the Sketching Club.[7] Townsend married Doris Campbell on 30th December 1912 at St James' Church in Clapham.
World War II
When Townsend died in 1944, some said it was due to overwork. He had been busy during the war creating designs that could be used to camouflage Rolls-Royce's aircraft engine factories in Derby. These factories built the Merlin engines that powered the Spitfire and Hurricane fighters. Using his skills, he made the factory appear from the air to be no more than a village.[4]
In 1944 Derby Art Gallery put on a memorial exhibition in his honour.[1] Derby Art Gallery still houses a large collection of his work,[4] although not on permanent display. Townsend's death in 1944 means that his works will not be in the public domain until 2014 and use of his paintings requires the permission of the copyright owner. There is a permanent display of reproductions of many of his works in the Standing Order public house in Derby.
Major works
- Exeter Bridge, Derby
- Derby Fish Market by Night
- Winston Churchill, 1915
- Scene in Market Place during Gun Week, November 18th to 23rd 1918
- A Glimpse of Derby Market Place on Carnival Day, 1926
- Hospital Carnival Day, 1935[7]
Exhibits at the Royal Academy
Ernest Townsend Exhibits at the Royal Academy 1910 - 1937
- 1910 T C Simmonds Esq
- 1913 Arthur Smith Esq
- 1915 “And battle, death and destiny roll-on, while loving hearts beat anxiously at home.”
- 1916 A Native of Derbyshire & The Studio Doorway
- 1917 The Attic Stairs & A Derbyshire Cottage
- 1918 Gossip & Summer Morning
- 1919 The Balloon Man
- 1927 A Balloon Shop
- 1932 Hanna
- 1933 Schoolboy’s Holiday
- 1934 T Harrision Thorpe Esq
- 1937 Carnival Day in Derby
References
- ^ a b c "Ernest Townsend (1880–1944) The Potter". Bamfords Ltd. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ J.Johnson & A. Greutzner, ed. (1977). Dictionary of British Artists. Antique Collectors' Club Ltd. ISBN 978-0902028364.
- ^ a b Gilbert, Martin (1985-09-17). "Churchill's London: Spinning Top of Memories of Ungrand Places and Moments in Time". The Churchill Centre and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ a b c d e f Allard, Sarah (2003). Goodey's Derby: Paintings and drawings in the collection of Derby Museum and Art Gallery. Breedon Books. ISBN 1-85983-379-9.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Stanton, Richard (2002). "The Search Continues: Artists of 1912" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 10: 79. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Derbyshire Heritage: visual artists". Arts Derbyshire. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ a b "Hospital Carnival Day, Derby". Picture the Past. Retrieved 2011-07-07.