Estland

Estonia 1999 CIA map.

• Estland is the modern name for Estonia in German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and some other Germanic languages, with the notable exception of modern English (Old English did use the term).
• Estland or Eistland in ancient Scandinavian Sagas and Estia, Hestia and Estonia in early Latin sources is the origin of the modern national name of Estonia.
• In a historical context, Estland can refer to:
  • The Danish duchy of Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) a dominum directum of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346 in what is now Northern Estonia until it was sold and became:
  • A dominion of the Livonian Order within Terra Mariana in 1346–1561, until it was conquered by the Swedish Empire in the Livonian War and became:
  • The Swedish duchy of Estonia (Swedish: Hertigdömet Estland) in 1561–1721 until conquered by the Tsardom of Russia in the Great Northern War and became:
  • The Governorate of Estonia (or Estland) (Russian: Эстляндская губерния, romanized: Estlyandskaya guberniya) of the Russian Empire in 1721–1917.
  • An island in the Atlantic Ocean on the 1558 Venetian Zeno map, possibly corresponding to Shetland.