Four Hills Tournament

The Four Hills Tournament (German: Vierschanzentournee) is composed of four Ski Jumping World Cup events and has taken place in Germany and Austria each year since 1952.

The Four Hills Tournament champion is the one who gets the most points over the four events. Unlike the World Cup ranking, however, the actual points scored during the competitions are the ones that are used to find the winner.

The four individual events themselves are part of the World Cup and award points toward the world cup in exactly the same manner as all other world cup events.

Tournament hills

Date	Place	Hill name	K-Point	Hill size	Hill record
29 or 30 December	Oberstdorf, Germany	Schattenbergschanze	K-120	HS 137	143.5 m (2003) Sigurd Pettersen
1 January	Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany	Große Olympiaschanze	K-125	HS 140	143.5 m (2010) Simon Ammann
3 or 4 January	Innsbruck, Austria	Bergiselschanze	K-120	HS 130	138.0 m (2015) Michael Hayböck^[1]
6 January	Bischofshofen, Austria	Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze	K-125	HS 140	143.0 m (2005) Daiki Ito

Knock-out system

One of the tournament's peculiarities is its qualifying system. Unlike other ski jumping events where the best 30 competitors in the first round qualify for the second round, all Four Hills events follow a knock-out system first introduced for the 1996–97 season.

The 50 competitors are divided into 25 pairs. All 25 winners of these duels plus the five best losers qualify for the second round. It is theoretically possible that a competitor who finishes the first round 12th will not qualify for the second round (if he loses his internal duel, five lucky losers and winners of their duels have better results) while the one with the 49th first series result may still qualify (if his "rival" has the worst result). On the other hand, jumpers are less likely to be disadvantaged by a possible significant change in weather conditions between the start and end of the first series. A change in the direction and speed of the wind can make it impossible for the best jumpers to produce a good result. In the event of significantly worse conditions during the second half of the first series, the possibility exists that most of the best jumpers would be eliminated by bad luck alone. Directly pairing rivals reduces the impact of these conditions. In this competition format the qualifying series are valued as well, since jumpers with a better qualification result will have the opportunity to compete against jumpers with worse result. Therefore, it is not enough for a jumper to be among 50 best jumpers in qualifications (with whatever result), but it is better for him to achieve a result as good as possible.

The first jumper in the competition is the one who qualified 26th, followed by his pair who qualified 25th. The next pair has 27th and 24th from the qualification, one after that 28th and 23rd etc. The last pair has last qualified jumper against qualification winner. However, top 10 of World Cup is given straight berth to the competition and therefore some of them may not take part in qualification. This could mean some strong pairings in the closing stages of the first round.

If qualification is postponed until the day of competition, the knock-out system is not used, and competition follows regular world cup rules. Because of that in the 2007/08 tournament, the knock-out system was used only in Oberstdorf.

List of winners

Records

Janne Ahonen is the only ski jumper to have won the tournament five times, with wins in 1998–99, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06 and 2007–08. Jens Weißflog was the first ski jumper to reach four wins, winning the tournament in 1984, 1985, 1991 and 1996. Helmut Recknagel and Bjørn Wirkola have the next best record, winning three titles each. Wirkola's victories came in three consecutive years (1967–1969), a record still uncontested.

Janne Ahonen's fourth victory in 2005–06 was also the first time the tournament victory was shared, with Jakub Janda, who claimed his first 4 Hills Tournament crown.

Jens Weißflog and Bjørn Wirkola have both won ten Four Hills Tournament events. Janne Ahonen and Gregor Schlierenzauer are next with 9 victories, followed by Matti Nykänen who has seven.

In 2000–01, the 49th edition of the tournament, Adam Małysz beat second placed Janne Ahonen by 104.4 points. This is the biggest winning margin in the tournament's history. He also won all four qualifications that year. The following year Sven Hannawald became the first and so far only person to win all four competitions in a single season.

Germany has the most victories with sixteen (eleven of which were pre-1989). Next comes Finland with 15 victories, then Austria with 14 victories and Norway with ten wins. Czechoslovakia and one of its successors the Czech Republic have two wins altogether; the following countries all have a single victory: Japan, Slovenia, Poland and the USSR.

National quota

During the Four Hills Tournament many national jumpers from Germany and Austria are allowed to qualify for the competition. This allows them to show themselves and get experience. The national jumping team starts first in the qualification.^{[citation needed]}

Notable participants

In 1965, the Polish old-boy jumper, Stanisław Marusarz (silver medal in World Championship, 1938 in Lahti) who was visiting the tournament, asked the jury in Garmisch-Patenkirchen to allow him a showcase jump. After a long debate, the jury agreed. Marusarz, who at this time was 53 years old (and not practicing jumping for 9 years) achieved 66 meters, using borrowed skies and boots and making his try in official suit (in which he attended the New Years Party), which made the crowd applaud.^[2]

References

^ "Germany's Freitag wins 3rd stop of 4 Hills Tour". Yahoo Sports. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
^ http://www.sport.pl/skoki/1,65079,13075218,Skoki_narciarskie__Turniej_Czterech_Skoczni__Marusarz.html#BoxSportTxt

External links

[YahooNews-1] "Germany's Freitag wins 3rd stop of 4 Hills Tour". Yahoo Sports. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.

[2] ttp://www.sport.pl/skoki/1,65079,13075218,Skoki_narciarskie__Turniej_Czterech_Skoczni__Marusarz.html#BoxSportTxt

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v t e Four Hills Tournament
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Ski jumping hills	Schattenbergschanze (Oberstdorf) Große Olympiaschanze (Garmisch-Partenkirchen) Bergiselschanze (Innsbruck) Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze (Bischofshofen)
International Ski and Snowboard Federation FIS Ski Jumping World Cup