Fourth battle of Dongola
| Battle of Dongola | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Egyptian-Makurian War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
_in_the_%22Book_of_all_kingdoms%22_(C._1350).png){kind=small} Kingdom of Makuria |
 Egyptian Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Samamun of Makuria |
Izz al-Din al-Kawrani Izz al-Din Aidmar Sanjar al-Masrouri | ||||||
The Fourth battle of Dongola or the Second Conquest of Makuria (1287) was fought between the Egyptian Sultanate and the Kingdom of Makuria resulting in a decisive Egyptian victory, capturing the Makurian capital Dongola, forcing the king Samamun to flee and placing a puppet on the Makurian throne.[1][2][3][4]
Background
[edit]In the year 1287, Sultan el-Mansur Qalawun decided to invade the Kingdom of Makuria and annex it to the Egyptian Kingdom militarily, after it had been politically dependent since it was conquered by the Egyptian army during the reign of Sultan Baibars in the Battle of Dongola (1276).[2][1][4][3]
The Sultan of Egypt, el-Mansur Qalawun, entrusted the task of commanding the Egyptian army to Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani, whom he trusted in his military ability. Sultan el-Mansur Qalawun informed Prince el-Kourani of the importance of this campaign to Egypt and its pride. The Egyptian army, led by Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani, moved towards Makuria, the army was divided into 3 parts:[1][2][4][3]
- First part led by Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani.[1][2][4][3]
- Second part led by Prince Ezz Al-Din Aidmar.[2][1][4][3]
- Third part led by Prince Sanjar Al-Masrouri.[1][2][4][3]
The Battle
[edit]When the Egyptian army, led by Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani, reached the first border of Makuria, all Makurian forces withdrew from it. The Makurian forces kept to withdraw in front of the Egyptian army until the Egyptian army reached the capital of the Kingdom of Makuria, the city of Dongola. There, a violent battle took place between the Egyptians and the Makurians, which ended in a decisive victory for the Egyptian army led by Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani and the rest of the princes. King Samamun of Makuria fled to the far south of Sudan, and the Egyptian army appointed his nephew as governor of Makuria under the Sultanate of Egypt. An Egyptian garrison was left in Dongola to preserve Egyptian rule, and Prince Ezz el-Din el-Kawrani returned victorious and triumphant among his Egyptian soldiers.[1][2][4][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "تحميل كتاب السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك - الجزء الثاني تقي الدين المقريزي PDF - مكتبة الكتب". www.books-lib.net. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g "السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك (ط. العلمية) - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF". waqfeya.net. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g عاشور, سعيد عبد الفتاح (2020-04-20). "تصفح وتحميل كتاب العصر المماليكي في مصر والشام Pdf". مكتبة عين الجامعة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g "تحميل كتاب العصر المماليكي في مصر والشام ل سعيد عبد الفتاح عاشور pdf". كتاب بديا (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-09.