Günter Hessler
Günther Hessler | |
|---|---|
| File:Günther Hessler.jpg Günther Hessler after the Knight's Cross presentation | |
| Born | 14 June 1909 Beerfelde, Märkisch-Oderland |
| Died | 4 April 1968 (aged 58) Bochum |
| Allegiance |  Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany |
| Service |  Reichsmarine Kriegsmarine |
| Years of service | 1927–45 |
| Rank | Fregattenkapitän |
| Unit | SSS Niobe Berlin tender Frauenlob Meteor Schlesien torpedo boat Greif aviso Grille Gneisenau |
| Commands | torpedo boat Falke U-107 |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
| Relations | Karl Dönitz (father in law) |
Günther Hessler (14 June 1909 – 4 April 1968) was a Kriegsmarine Fregattenkapitän during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat U-107, sinking twenty-one ships on three patrols, totalling 118,822 GRT of Allied shipping, of which 86,699 GRT was sunk on one patrol alone.[1] He stands 21st on the list of highest scoring U-Boat aces of World War II. Hessler was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme bravery in combat or successful military leadership.
Career
Günther Hessler joined the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic on 5 April 1927 as a member of "Crew 1927" (the incoming class of 1927). He underwent basic military training in the 8th company, 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (5 April 1927 – 3 July 1927).[Tr 1][Tr 2] Hessler was then transferred to the training ship SSS Niobe (4 July 1927 – 31 October 1927), attaining the rank of Seekadett (midshipman) on 1 October 1927. After more than 16 months aboard the light cruiser Berlin (1 November 1927 – 17 March 1929) he underwent officer cadet training at the Naval Academy at Mürwik, which included navigational training cruises on the tender Frauenlob and the survey vessel Meteor. Hessler then advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See (officer cadet) on 1 April 1929.[2]
On 2 October 1936 he was appointed watch officer on the Aviso Grille, Adolf Hitler's state yacht, and on 30 March 1938 transferred to the battleship Gneisenau. In 1937 he married Karl Dönitz's daughter, Ursula. The marriage produced two sons, Peter and Klaus, and a daughter, Ute. Hessler took command of torpedo-boat Falke on 27 March 1938. He remained in this position until 8 January 1940, earning the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 18 November 1939. Falke was assigned to the 5th Torpedobootflottille on 4 April 1939. On the outbreak of World War II Falke was tasked with laying defensive naval mines and escort and security duties in the North Sea.[3] In April 1940 Hessler transferred to the U-boat arm, and six months later commissioned the U-107, without, unusually, having served as either a 1. Wachoffizier (1. WO—1st watch officer) or a Kommandantenschüler ("Commander-in-Training").[1]
On his first patrol (24 January 1941 – 1 March 1941) Hessler sank four ships with a total of 18,514 GRT,[4] but he became famous on his second patrol (29 March 1941 – 2 July 1941) — the most successful patrol of the entire war — sinking 14 ships with a total of 86,699 GRT.[5] Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Witte was his first watch officer on these two patrols.
His third patrol (6 September 1941 – 11 November 1941) accounted for another three ships, totalling 13,641 tons, giving Hessler a career tally of 21 ships totalling 118,822 GRT, including two Royal Navy ocean boarding vessels HMS Crispin and Manistee. Hessler then handed over command of U-107 to Harald Gelhaus and transferred to the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU). He served on the naval staff as 1. Admiralstabsoffizier (Asto—officer of the admiralty staff) from 24 November 1941 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945.[1]
Post-war
After the war Hessler spent over a year in Allied captivity, and testified at the Nuremberg Trials on behalf of the Ubootwaffe and his father-in-law, Großadmiral Karl Dönitz. In 1947 Hessler was commissioned to write The U-Boat War in the Atlantic, a definitive account of the German U-boat offensive, by the British Royal Navy. Assisted by Alfred Hoschatt, the former commander of U-378 and also a staff officer of the BdU, he completed the three volume work in 1951. Hessler died in 1968 aged 58.[1]
Summary of career
Ships attacked
As commander of U-107 Günther Hessler is credited with the sinking of 19 merchant ships with a total of 108,411 gross register tons (GRT) and two auxiliary warships of 10,411 GRT.
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939)
- U-boat War Badge (1939) (3 July 1941)[6]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-107[7]
- German Cross in Gold on 9 November 1944 as Korvettenkapitän with the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote[8]
- Mentioned twice in the Wehrmachtbericht on 1 May 1941 and 8 June 1941
Works
- Great Britain Ministry of Defence (Navy) and Hessler, Günther (1989). U Boat War in the Atlantic 1939–1945: German Naval History. Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0117726031.
Translation notes
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d Helgason, Guðmundur. "Fregattenkapitän Günter Hessler". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ Busch & Röll 2003, p. 146.
- ^ Hildebrand; Röhr and Steinmetz 1993, p. 84.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol of U-107 from 24 Jan 1941 to 1 Mar 1941". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol of U-107 from 29 Mar 1941 to 2 Jul 1941". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ a b c Busch & Röll 2003, p. 147.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 387.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 183.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert; Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe. Vol. 3. Ratingen, Germany: Mundus Verlag. ASIN B003VHSRKE.
- Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941 (in German). München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
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External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "Günter Hessler". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- "Günter Hessler". U-995.COM (in German). Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- "Günter Hessler". Lexikon der Wehrmacht (in German). Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- "Günter Hessler". Deutsches Marinearchiv (in German). Retrieved 4 June 2012.
Template:Knight's Cross recipients of the U-boat service
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