GLUD2

Template:PBB Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial, also known as GDH 2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLUD2 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Function

Glutamate dehydrogenase 2 is localized to the mitochondrion and acts as a homohexamer to recycle glutamate during neurotransmission. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: glutamate dehydrogenase 2".
^ Shashidharan P, Michaelidis TM, Robakis NK, Kresovali A, Papamatheakis J, Plaitakis A (June 1994). "Novel human glutamate dehydrogenase expressed in neural and testicular tissues and encoded by an X-linked intronless gene". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (24): 16971–6. PMID 8207021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Shashidharan P, Clarke DD, Ahmed N, Moschonas N, Plaitakis A (May 1997). "Nerve tissue-specific human glutamate dehydrogenase that is thermolabile and highly regulated by ADP". J. Neurochem. 68 (5): 1804–11. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051804.x. PMID 9109504.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ; et al. (2005). "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome". Nature. 434 (7031): 325–37. doi:10.1038/nature03440. PMC 2665286. PMID 15772651.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Need AC, Keefe RS, Ge D; et al. (2009). "Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic response in the CATIE trial: a candidate gene analysis". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 17 (7): 946–57. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.264. PMC 2986499. PMID 19156168.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M; et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID 16169070.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Burki F, Kaessmann H (2004). "Birth and adaptive evolution of a hominoid gene that supports high neurotransmitter flux". Nat. Genet. 36 (10): 1061–3. doi:10.1038/ng1431. PMID 15378063.
Plaitakis A, Latsoudis H, Kanavouras K; et al. (2010). "Gain-of-function variant in GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase modifies Parkinson's disease onset". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18 (3): 336–41. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.179. PMC 2987208. PMID 19826450.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yang SJ, Cho EH, Choi MM; et al. (2005). "Critical role of the cysteine 323 residue in the catalytic activity of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes". Mol. Cells. 19 (1): 97–103. PMID 15750346.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yang SJ, Huh JW, Hong HN; et al. (2004). "Important role of Ser443 in different thermal stability of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes". FEBS Lett. 562 (1–3): 59–64. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00183-8. PMID 15044002.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kanavouras K, Borompokas N, Latsoudis H; et al. (2009). "Mutations in human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase affecting basal activity and regulation". J. Neurochem. 109 Suppl 1: 167–73. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05914.x. PMID 19393024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mastorodemos V, Zaganas I, Spanaki C; et al. (2005). "Molecular basis of human glutamate dehydrogenase regulation under changing energy demands". J. Neurosci. Res. 79 (1–2): 65–73. doi:10.1002/jnr.20353. PMID 15578726.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Smith TJ, Schmidt T, Fang J; et al. (2002). "The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase details subunit communication and allostery". J. Mol. Biol. 318 (3): 765–77. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00161-4. PMID 12054821.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Plaitakis A, Spanaki C, Mastorodemos V, Zaganas I (2003). "Study of structure-function relationships in human glutamate dehydrogenases reveals novel molecular mechanisms for the regulation of the nerve tissue-specific (GLUD2) isoenzyme". Neurochem. Int. 43 (4–5): 401–10. doi:10.1016/S0197-0186(03)00028-7. PMID 12742085.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mastorodemos V, Kotzamani D, Zaganas I; et al. (2009). "Human GLUD1 and GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase localize to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum". Biochem. Cell Biol. 87 (3): 505–16. doi:10.1139/o09-008. PMID 19448744.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Spanaki C, Zaganas I, Kleopa KA, Plaitakis A (2010). "Human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase is expressed in neural and testicular supporting cells". J. Biol. Chem. 285 (22): 16748–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.092999. PMC 2878061. PMID 20194501.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Ahmed M, Forsberg J, Bergsten P (2005). "Protein profiling of human pancreatic islets by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (3): 931–40. doi:10.1021/pr050024a. PMID 15952740.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rosso L, Marques AC, Reichert AS, Kaessmann H (2008). "Mitochondrial targeting adaptation of the hominoid-specific glutamate dehydrogenase driven by positive Darwinian selection". PLoS Genet. 4 (8): e1000150. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000150. PMC 2478720. PMID 18688271.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Zaganas I, Kanavouras K, Mastorodemos V; et al. (2009). "The human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase: localization and functional aspects". Neurochem. Int. 55 (1–3): 52–63. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.03.001. PMID 19428807.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kanavouras K, Mastorodemos V, Borompokas N; et al. (2007). "Properties and molecular evolution of human GLUD2 (neural and testicular tissue-specific) glutamate dehydrogenase". J. Neurosci. Res. 85 (15): 3398–406. doi:10.1002/jnr.21576. PMID 17924438.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

This article on a gene on the human X chromosome and/or its associated protein is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: glutamate dehydrogenase 2".

[pmid8207021-2] Shashidharan P, Michaelidis TM, Robakis NK, Kresovali A, Papamatheakis J, Plaitakis A (June 1994). "Novel human glutamate dehydrogenase expressed in neural and testicular tissues and encoded by an X-linked intronless gene". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (24): 16971–6. PMID 8207021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[pmid9109504-3] Shashidharan P, Clarke DD, Ahmed N, Moschonas N, Plaitakis A (May 1997). "Nerve tissue-specific human glutamate dehydrogenase that is thermolabile and highly regulated by ADP". J. Neurochem. 68 (5): 1804–11. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051804.x. PMID 9109504.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e CH-NH₂ oxidoreductases (EC 1.4) - primarily amino acid oxidoreductases
1.4.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	Glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1 GLUD2 Glutamate synthase (NADPH)
1.4.3: oxygen acceptor	D-amino acid oxidase Amine oxidase (Copper-containing (Lysyl Diamine Primary-amine)) (Flavin-containing (Monoamine)))
1.4.4: disulfide acceptor	Glycine cleavage system
1.4.99: other acceptors	D-amino acid dehydrogenase Amine dehydrogenase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Function

References

Further reading