1998 Gabonese presidential election
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Presidential elections were held in Gabon on 6 December 1998. Incumbent President Omar Bongo Ondimba, in power since 1967, sought a seven-year term against five other candidates. It was Gabon's second multi-party presidential election and, despite low turnout and polling problems, Bongo won the election with 66.88% of the vote.[1][2]
Campaign
In late July 1998, the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) called for Bongo to run for re-election, praising him as a "trump card for the third millennium". Also in July, the opposition National Woodcutters' Rally (RNB) split into two factions, one headed by Paul M'ba Abessole and one headed by Pierre-Andre Kombila, after Kombila was expelled from the party.[3]
Pierre Mamboundou of the Union of the Gabonese People (UPG) ran as the candidate of the High Council of the Resistance, a coalition of opposition parties that included the UPG, the African Forum for Reconstruction, the Mebiame Group, MORENA–Original and the Socialist Emancipation Movement of the People.[4][5] The Gabonese Progress Party (PGP) of Pierre-Louis Agondjo Okawé supported Mamboundou.[6]
Opinion polls
The publication of opinion polls was prohibited by the National Communication Council during the week immediately preceding the election.[7]
Results
According to final results from the Constitutional Court, Bongo won the election with 66.88% of the vote. Mamboundou officially placed second with 16.54% of the vote.[8][9] Mamboundou denounced the official results as an "electoral coup d'etat" and called on the people to begin a "graduated response" by engaging in a stay at home ("ghost city") protest.[9] Following the election, he alleged that commandos sent by the government tried to kill him on 12 December 1998.[10] While Mamboundou's call for people to stay at home was mostly ignored in Libreville, Port-Gentil was reportedly "paralysed".[11]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omar Bongo Ondimba | Gabonese Democratic Party | 211,955 | 66.9 |
| Pierre Mamboundou | Union of the Gabonese People | 52,278 | 16.5 |
| Paul M’ba-Abessole | National Woodcutters' Rally | 47,701 | 13.2 |
| Pierre André Kombila | National Woodcutters' Rally – Democratic | 4,847 | 1.5 |
| Pierre-Claver Maganga Moussavou | Social Democratic Party | 3,152 | 1.0 |
| Martin Edzodzomo Ella | Independent | 1,548 | 0.5 |
| Alain Engouang Nze | National Confederation of Woodcutters Associations | 892 | 0.3 |
| Joseph Adrien Mabicka Maguena | Independent | 527 | 0.2 |
| Total | 316,900 | 100 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. | |||
Aftermath
Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane was Bongo's campaign manager during the election, and he was subsequently appointed as Prime Minister in January 1999.[12]
References
- ^ Gabon presidential election
- ^ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p404 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ^ "GABON: Ruling party seeks Bongo re-election", IRIN-WA Update 259 of Events in West Africa, 25–27 July 1998.
- ^ "Gabon: Two presidential candidates declared", Africa No 1 radio (nl.newsbank.com), 6 June 1998.
- ^ Elections in Gabon African Elections Database
- ^ "Gabon: Opposition leader says President Bongo prisoner of his own men", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), 24 August 1999.
- ^ "GABON: Presidential candidate accused of gun running", IRIN-West Africa update 349, 30 November 1998.
- ^ "Gabon: Opposition leader protests at results, alleges assassination attempt", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), 13 December 1998.
- ^ a b "GABON: Opposition calls for strike action to protest election results", IRIN-West Africa Update 359, 14 December 1998.
- ^ "U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2000 - Gabon", UNHCR.org, 26 February 2001.
- ^ "Gabon: Port Gentil "paralysed" by opposition strike", Africa No 1 radio (nl.newsbank.com), 15 December 1998.
- ^ "New prime minister for Gabon", BBC News, 23 January 1999.
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