Gastrolobium

Gastrolobium
	Gastrolobium celsianum (Swan River Pea)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Mirbelieae
Genus:	Gastrolobium; R.Br.
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Brachysema R. Br.; Jansonia Kippist; Nemcia Domin;

Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.

A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetic acid - the key ingredient of the poison known commonly as 1080 which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the exact cause of the poisoning - which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison ^[1] (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison ^[2] (G. oxylobioides).

In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner and H.W. Bennetts did considerable work identifying other species in Western Australia - leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.^[3]

Species

The genus Jansonia as well as Nemcia and Brachysema were incorporated into Gastrolobium in the publication of the Chandler monograph in 2002.^[4] Also since initial descriptions in the 1840s - some of the species have been described initially asGastrolobium, then Oxylobium and back to Gastrolobium. Species (with common names in bold) include the following:

Gastrolobium acrocaroli Crisp ms
Gastrolobium aculeatum
Gastrolobium acutum
Gastrolobium alternifolium
Gastrolobium appressum C.A. Gardner Scaleleaf poison
Gastrolobium bennettsianum'' C.A. Gardner Cluster poison
Gastrolobium bilobum R.Br Heart-leaf poison
Gastrolobium bracteolosum
Gastrolobium brevipes Crisp
Gastrolobium brownii Meisn
Gastrolobium callistachys Meisn. Rock poison ^[5]
Gastrolobium calycinum Benth. York Road poison
Gastrolobium celsianum (Lemaire) G.Chandler & Crisp Swan River pea
Gastrolobium congestum Crisp ms
Gastrolobium coriaceum (Sm.) G.Chandler & Crisp
Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth. Thickleaf poison
Gastrolobium crenulatum
Gastrolobium crispatum
Gastrolobium cruciatum
Gastrolobium cuneatum Henfr.
Gastrolobium cyanophyllum
Gastrolobium densifolium C.A. Gardner Mallet poison
Gastrolobium diablophyllum G. Chandler and Crisp ms
Gastrolobium dilatatum
Gastrolobium discolor
Gastrolobium dorrienii
Gastrolobium ebracteolatum
Gastrolobium effusum
Gastrolobium elegans
Gastrolobium epacridoides
Gastrolobium ferrugineum
Gastrolobium floribundum S. Moore Wodjil poison
Gastrolobium forrestii River poison
Gastrolobium glabratum Crisp ms
Gastrolobium glaucum C.A. Gardner Spike poison ^[6]
Gastrolobium grandiflorum F.Muell Wallflower poison
Gastrolobium graniticum (S. Moore) Crisp Granite poison ^[7]
Gastrolobium hamulosum Meisn. Hook Point poison ^[8]
Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp Slender poison
Gastrolobium hians Crisp ms
Gastrolobium hookeri
Gastrolobium humile
Gastrolobium involutum
Gastrolobium latifolium
Gastrolobium laytonii Jean White Breelya Kite Leaf
Gastrolobium leakeanum J.Drumm. Mountain pea
Gastrolobium lehmannii Meisn.
Gastrolobium melanopetalum (F. Muell.) G.Chandler & Crisp
Gastrolobium minus (Crisp) G.Chandler & Crisp Broad-leaved Brachysema
Gastrolobium microcarpum Meisn. Sandplain poison
Gastrolobium nutans G. Chandler & Crisp ms
Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr. Runner poison
Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth. Champion Bay poison
Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp Box poison
Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp var. parvifolium ms
Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth. Berry poison
Gastrolobium polystchyum Meisn. Horned poison, (Hill-river poison)
Gastrolobium praemorsum (Meisn.) G.Chandler & Crisp
Gastrolobium propinquum C.A. Gardner Hutt River poison
Gastrolobium pusillum Crisp & PH Weston
Gastrolobium pycnostachyum Benth. Mt Ragged poison, Round-leaf poison ^[9]
Gastrolobium pyramidalum
Gastrolobium racemosum (Turcz.) Crisp Net-leaf poison
Gastrolobium reflexum G. Chandler ms
Gastrolobium revolutum Crisp ms
Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A. Gardiner) Crisp Rigid leaf poison ^[10]
Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meisn. 'Gilbernine poison
Gastrolobium rubrum Benth.
Gastrolobium semiteres Crisp ms
Gastrolobium sp. East Peak (E.D. Middleton EDM 43)
Gastrolobium sericeum (Sm.) G.Chandler & Crisp
Gastrolobium spathulatum
Gastrolobium spectabile (Endl.) Crisp Roe's poison
Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. Prickly poison
Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. spinosum
Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. trilobum S. Moore
Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz. Narrow-leaved poison
Gastrolobium stowardii
Gastrolobium subcordatum
Gastrolobium tenue Crisp ms
Gastrolobium tergiversum
Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum (E.Pritz.) Crisp Brother-brother
Gastrolobium tomentosum C.A. Gardner Wooly poison ^[11]
Gastrolobium triangulare(Benth.) Domin
Gastrolobium tricuspidatum
Gastrolobium trilobum Benth. Bullock poison
Gastrolobium truncatum Benth.
Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. Stirling Range poison
Gastrolobium venulosum
Gastrolobium vestitum
Gastrolobium villosum Crinkle-leaf poison
Gastrolobium whicherensis
Gastrolobium wonganensis
Gastrolobium villosum Benth. Crinkle-leaved poison

Groups

Chandler separates into groups:

Gastrolobium spinosum group - G. Spinosum, G. Euryphyllum, G. Wonganensis, G. Triangulare, G. Trilobum, G. Aculeatum
Gastrolobium bilobum group - G. Semiteres, G. Stenophyllum, G. Cuneatum, G. Callistachys, G. Acrocaroli, G. Involutum, G. Graniticum, G. Bilobum, G. Tergiversum, G. Grandiflorum, G. Brevipes, G. Congestum,
Gastrolobium parviflorum group - G. Parviflorum
Gastrolobium villosum group
Gastrolobium floribundum group
Gastrolobium heterophyllum group
Gastrolobium obovatum group
Gastrolobium calycinum group
Gastrolobium retusum group
Gastrolobium ilicifolium group
Gastrolobium cruciatum group
Gastrolobium pyramidale group
unplaced group

Notes

^ Aplin, T. E. H; Western Australia. Department of Agriculture (1967), York road poison and box poison, Western Australian Department of Agriculture], retrieved 1 November 2016
^ "CHAMPION BAY POISON". Western Mail. Vol. XLIII, , no. 2, 231. Western Australia. 15 November 1928. p. 42. Retrieved 1 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
^ Gardner, C. A. (Charles Austin); Bennetts, H. W. (Harold William); Gardner, C; Bennetts, H (1956), The toxic plants of Western Australia, West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division, retrieved 1 November 2016
^ Chandler, G. T., M.D. Crisp, L.W. Cayzer, and R.J. Bayer. (2002). "Monograph of Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)" (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 15 (5): 619–739. doi:10.1071/SB01010. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ was previously DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, not currently see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3894
^ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3902
^ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/11034
^ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3904
^ Priority 2 see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3919
^ was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia but not currently - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/10887
^ was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia - now priority four - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3928

References

Paczkowska, Grazyna and Alex R. Chapman.(2000) The Western Australian Flora – A Descriptive Catalogue Perth, W.A: Wildflower Society of Western Australia : Western Australian Herbarium: Western Australian Botanic Gardens & Parks Authority ISBN 0646401009
"Gastrobium R.Br". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.

External links

[1] Aplin, T. E. H; Western Australia. Department of Agriculture (1967), York road poison and box poison, Western Australian Department of Agriculture], retrieved 1 November 2016

[2] "CHAMPION BAY POISON". Western Mail. Vol. XLIII, , no. 2, 231. Western Australia. 15 November 1928. p. 42. Retrieved 1 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[3] Gardner, C. A. (Charles Austin); Bennetts, H. W. (Harold William); Gardner, C; Bennetts, H (1956), The toxic plants of Western Australia, West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division, retrieved 1 November 2016

[4] Chandler, G. T., M.D. Crisp, L.W. Cayzer, and R.J. Bayer. (2002). "Monograph of Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)" (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 15 (5): 619–739. doi:10.1071/SB01010. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] was previously DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, not currently see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3894

[6] DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3902

[7] DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/11034

[8] DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3904

[9] Priority 2 see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3919

[10] was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia but not currently - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/10887

[11] was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia - now priority four - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3928

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