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George Valiantine

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George Valiantine (1874-1947) was an American direct voice medium.[1]

Biography

Valiantine was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He worked as a manufacturer before he discovered mediumship. He gave séances in America and Europe.[2] Valiantine predicted in the 1920s that aliens would visit earth.[3] He also claimed contact with spirit guides known as Hawk Chief and Kokum.[4]

Fraud

The British spiritualist author Herbert Dennis Bradley defended Valiantine as a genuine medium and wrote two books about his mediumship.[5] Researcher Melvin Harris has written that Bradley was naïve and easily duped.[6] However, Bradley later admitted he caught Valiantine cheating.[7] In 1931, Bradley wrote a book that exposed Valiantine as a fraud.[8]

According to a report by the Society for Psychical Research Valiantine was "repeatedly exposed in faking the physical phenomena at his seances".[9]

Voices were heard in the séances of Valiantine and he always used a trumpet but denied that he had spoken through it. The psychical researcher Ernest Palmer had investigated the trumpet after a séance and discovered "a good deal of moisture" inside the mouth piece, which indicated that it been spoken into by an ordinary human and not a spirit.[10]

Valiantine entered for the Scientific American prize of $2,500, to be awarded to any medium producing spiritualist phenomenon under test conditions. In the test Valiantine produced movement of a trumpet in the dark séance room, however, an electrical connection had been rigged to his chair which was connected to a light in an adjoining room which revealed that all the trumpet activity coincided with when he left his chair.[11] Valiantine had not known his chair was wired.[12] The psychical researcher Harry Price described the test séance:

At the final sitting, in complete darkness, on May 26, 1923, special apparatus was installed. This was an electrical circuit which included the chair on which the medium sat. When the medium rose from his seat, a light went out in an adjoining room. Dictaphone notes were taken of all that occurred. It was found that Valiantine left his chair fifteen times (when he should have been in it), sometimes for as long as eighteen seconds, and that these periods corresponded with those when the sitters were touched by the 'spirits'.[13]

Valiantine did not collect the award as he had cheated and was pronounced a fraud by the Scientific American committee.[14]

In 1925, Harry Price investigated the "direct voice" mediumship of Valiantine in London. In the séance Valiantine claimed to have contacted the "spirit" of the composer Luigi Arditi who spoke Italian. Price wrote down every word that was attributed to Arditi and they were found to be word-for-word matches in an Italian phrase-book.[15] In 1931 Valiantine was exposed as a fraud in the séance room as he produced fraudulent "spirit" fingerprints in wax. The "spirit" thumbprint that Valiantine claimed belonged to Arthur Conan Doyle was revealed to be the print of his big toe on his right foot. It was also revealed that Valiantine made some of the prints with his elbow.[16]

References

  1. ^ Rodger Anderson. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules. McFarland & Company. p. 178. ISBN 978-0786427703
  2. ^ Lewis Spence. (2011). Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Kessinger Publishing. p. 957. ISBN 978-0766128170
  3. ^ Robert Baker. (1996). Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within. Prometheus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-1573920940
  4. ^ Raymond Buckland. (2005). The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication. Visible Ink Press. p. 426. ISBN 978-1578592135
  5. ^ Herbert Dennis Bradley. Towards the Stars, The Wisdom of the Gods (T. Werner Laurie Limited. 1924, 1925)
  6. ^ Melvin Harris. (1978). Strange to Relate. Granada Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 0-583-30342-0
  7. ^ Montague Summers. (2010). Physical Phenomena of Mysticism. Kessinger Publishing. p. 114. ISBN 978-1161363654
  8. ^ Herbert Dennis Bradley. (1931). And After. T. Werner Laurie Limited.
  9. ^ Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. (1989). Volumes 55-56. p. 429
  10. ^ E. Clephan Palmer. (2003). Riddle of Spiritualism. Kessinger Publishing. p. 78. ISBN 978-0766179318
  11. ^ William Kalush, Larry Sloman. (2007). The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Superhero. Atria Books. p. 413. ISBN 978-0743272087
  12. ^ Milbourne Christopher. (1998). Houdini: A Pictorial Biography, Including More Than 250 Illustrations. Random House Value Publishing. p. 127. ISBN 978-0756775735
  13. ^ Harry Price. (1939). Chapter The Mechanics of Spiritualism in Fifty Years of Psychical Research. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0766142428
  14. ^ Gordon Stein. (1996). The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. p. 395. ISBN 978-1573920216
  15. ^ Harry Price. (1942). Search For Truth: My Life For Psychical Research. Collins. p. 203
  16. ^ Julian Franklyn. (2003). A Survey of the Occult. pp. 263-395. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0766130074

Further reading

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