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Grimms' Fairy Tales

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For the comic series, see Grimm Fairy Tales (comics).
Not to be confused with Grimm Tales (disambiguation) or Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics.
Children's and Household Tales
or
Grimm's Fairy Tales
Title page of first volume of Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1819) 2nd Ed.
AuthorJacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Original titleKinder- und Hausmärchen
LanguageGerman
Genre
Published1812
Publication placeGermany

Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen) is a collection of German fairy tales first published in 1812 by the Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm. The collection is commonly known in English as Grimm's Fairy Tales.

Composition

The first volume of the first edition was published in 1812, containing 86 stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1815. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also subtracted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by German illustrator Robert Leinweber.[citation needed]

The first volumes were much criticized because, although they were called "Children's Tales", they were not regarded as suitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.[1] Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in Snow White and Hansel and Gretel (shown in original Grimm stories as Hänsel and Grethel) to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such suitability. They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naively revealing to the fairy her pregnancy and the prince's visits—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.[2]

In 1825, the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition", a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.

Influence

The influence of these books was widespread. W. H. Auden praised the collection during World War II as one of the founding works of Western culture.[3] The tales themselves have been put to many uses. Hitler praised them as folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them;[4] for instance, Cinderella with the heroine as racially pure, the stepmother as an alien, and the prince with an unspoiled instinct being able to distinguish.[5] Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their memoirs, as Jane Yolen in her Briar Rose.[6]

The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.[7] There was not always a pleased reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was in part inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy tales;[8] in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed".

Three individual works of Wilhelm Grimm include Altdänische Heldenlieder, Balladen und Märchen ('Old Danish Heroic Songs, Ballads, and Folktales') in 1811, Über deutsche Runen ('On German Runes') in 1821, and Die deutsche Heldensage ('The German Heroic Saga') in 1829.

The Grimm anthology has been a source of inspiration for artists and composers. Arthur Rackham, Walter Crane and Rie Cramer are among the artists who have created illustrations based on the stories.

List of fairy tales

Grimm Brothers
Further information: List of fairy tales

The code "KHM" stands for Kinder- und Hausmärchen. The titles are those as of 1857. Some titles in 1812 were different. All editions from 1812 until 1857 split the stories into two volumes.

Volume 1

Monument to brothers Grimm on the market place in Hanau. (Hessen, Germany)
Frontispiece used for the first volume of the 1840 4th edition

Volume 2

Frontispiece used for the second volume of the 1840 4th edition. The portrait by Ludwig Emil Grimm bears resemblance to the storyteller Dorothea Viehmann.
Iron John
  • KHM 136: Iron John (Eisenhans)
  • KHM 137: The Three Black Princesses (De drei schwatten Prinzessinnen)
  • KHM 138: Knoist and his Three Sons (Knoist un sine dre Sühne)
  • KHM 139: The Maid of Brakel (Dat Mäken von Brakel)
  • KHM 140: My Household (Das Hausgesinde)
  • KHM 141: The Lambkin and the Little Fish (Das Lämmchen und das Fischchen)
  • KHM 142: Simeli Mountain (Simeliberg)
  • KHM 143: Going a Traveling (Up Reisen gohn) appeared in the 1819 edition
  • KHM 144: The Donkey (Das Eselein)
  • KHM 145: The Ungrateful Son (Der undankbare Sohn)
  • KHM 146: The Turnip (Die Rübe)
  • KHM 147: The Old Man Made Young Again (Das junggeglühte Männlein)
  • KHM 148: The Lord's Animals and the Devil's (Des Herrn und des Teufels Getier)
  • KHM 149: The Beam (Der Hahnenbalken)
  • KHM 150: The Old Beggar Woman (Die alte Bettelfrau)
  • KHM 151: The Three Sluggards (Die drei Faulen)
  • KHM 152: The Twelve Idle Servants (Die zwölf faulen Knechte)
  • KHM 153: The Shepherd Boy (Das Hirtenbüblein)
  • KHM 154: The Star Money (Die Sterntaler)
  • KHM 155: The Stolen Farthings (Der gestohlene Heller)
  • KHM 156: Looking for a Bride (Die Brautschau)
  • KHM 157: The Hurds (Die Schlickerlinge)
  • KHM 158: The Sparrow and His Four Children (Der Sperling und seine vier Kinder)
  • KHM 159: The Story of Schlauraffen Land (Das Märchen vom Schlaraffenland)
  • KHM 160: The Ditmarsch Tale of Lies (Das dietmarsische Lügenmärchen)
  • KHM 161: A Riddling Tale (Rätselmärchen)
  • KHM 162: Snow-White and Rose-Red (Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot)
  • KHM 163: The Wise Servant (Der kluge Knecht)
  • KHM 164: The Glass Coffin (Der gläserne Sarg)
  • KHM 165: Lazy Henry (Der faule Heinz)
  • KHM 166: The Griffin (Der Vogel Greif)
  • KHM 167: Strong Hans (Der starke Hans)
  • KHM 168: The Peasant in Heaven (Das Bürli im Himmel)
  • KHM 169: Lean Lisa (Die hagere Liese)
  • KHM 170: The Hut in the Forest (Das Waldhaus)
  • KHM 171: Sharing Joy and Sorrow (Lieb und Leid teilen)
  • KHM 172: The Willow Wren (Der Zaunkönig)
  • KHM 173: The Sole (Die Scholle)
  • KHM 174: The Bittern and the Hoopoe (Rohrdommel und Wiedehopf)
  • KHM 175: The Owl (Die Eule)
  • KHM 176: The Moon (Brothers Grimm) (Der Mond)
  • KHM 177: The Duration of Life (Die Lebenszeit)
  • KHM 178: Death's Messengers (Die Boten des Todes)
  • KHM 179: Master Pfreim (Meister Pfriem)
  • KHM 180: The Goose-Girl at the Well (Die Gänsehirtin am Brunnen)
  • KHM 181: Eve's Various Children (Die ungleichen Kinder Evas)
  • KHM 182: The Nixie of the Mill-Pond (Die Nixe im Teich)
  • KHM 183: The Little Folks' Presents (Die Geschenke des kleinen Volkes)
  • KHM 184: The Giant and the Tailor (Der Riese und der Schneider)
  • KHM 185: The Nail (Brothers Grimm) (Der Nagel)
  • KHM 186: The Poor Boy in the Grave (Der arme Junge im Grab)
  • KHM 187: The True Bride (Die wahre Braut)
  • KHM 188: The Hare and the Hedgehog (Der Hase und der Igel)
  • KHM 189: Spindle, Shuttle, and Needle (Spindel, Weberschiffchen und Nadel)
  • KHM 190: The Peasant and the Devil (Der Bauer und der Teufel)
  • KHM 191: The Crumbs on the Table (Die Brosamen auf dem Tisch)
  • KHM 192: The Sea-Hare (Das Meerhäschen)
  • KHM 193: The Master Thief (Der Meisterdieb)
  • KHM 194: The Drummer (Der Trommler)
  • KHM 195: The Ear of Corn (Die Kornähre)
  • KHM 196: The Grave Mound (Der Grabhügel)
  • KHM 197: Old Rinkrank (Oll Rinkrank)
  • KHM 198: The Crystal Ball (Die Kristallkugel)
  • KHM 199: Maid Maleen (Jungfrau Maleen)
  • KHM 200: The Boots of Buffalo Leather (Der Stiefel von Büffelleder)
  • KHM 201: The Golden Key (Der goldene Schlüssel)

The children's legends (Kinder-legende)
first appeared in the G. Reimer 1819 edition at the end of volume 2

  • KHM 202: Saint Joseph in the Forest (Der heilige Joseph im Walde)
  • KHM 203: The Twelve Apostles (Brothers Grimm) (Die zwölf Apostel)
  • KHM 204: The Rose (Die Rose)
  • KHM 205: Poverty and Humility Lead to Heaven (Armut und Demut führen zum Himmel)
  • KHM 206: God's Food (Gottes Speise)
  • KHM 207: The Three Green Twigs (Die drei grünen Zweige)
  • KHM 208: The Blessed Virgin's Little Glass (Muttergottesgläschen) or Our Lady's Little Glass
  • KHM 209: The Little Old Lady (Das alte Mütterchen) or The Aged Mother
  • KHM 210: The Heavenly Marriage (Die himmlische Hochzeit) or The Heavenly Wedding
  • KHM 211: The Hazel Branch (Die Haselrute)

No longer included in the last edition

  • 1812 KHM 6 Von der Nachtigall und der Blindschleiche (The nightingale and the slow worm) also (The Nightingale and the Blindworm)
  • 1812 KHM 8 Die Hand mit dem Messer (The hand with the knife)
  • 1812 KHM 22 Wie Kinder Schlachtens miteinander gespielt haben (The Children Who Played Slaughtering)
  • 1812 KHM 27 Der Tod und der Gänsehirt (Death and the Goose Keeper)
  • 1812 KHM 33 Der gestiefelte Kater (Puss in Boots)
  • 1812 KHM 37 Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn (Of the napkin, the knapsack, the Cannon guarding flax, and the Horn)
  • 1812 KHM 43 Die wunderliche Gasterei (The strange Inn/The Wonderly Guesting Manor)
  • 1812 KHM 54 Hans Dumm (Foolish Hans)
  • 1812 KHM 62 Blaubart (Bluebeard)
  • 1812 KHM 66 Hurleburlebutz
  • 1812 KHM 70 Der Okerlo (The Okerlo)
  • 1812 KHM 71 Prinzessin Mäusehaut (Princess Mouse Skin)
  • 1812 KHM 72 Das Birnli will nit fallen (The Fruit Will Not Fall)
  • 1812 KHM 73 Das Mörderschloss (The Murder Castle)
  • 1812 KHM 77 Vom Schreiner und Drechsler (Of The Carpenter and Turner)
  • 1812 KHM 82 Die drei Schwestern (The Three Sisters)
  • 1812 KHM 85A Schneeblume (Snow Flower)
  • 1812 KHM 85D Vom Prinz Johannes (Fragment) (Of Prince Johannes)
  • Die Prinzessin auf der Erbse (Princess and the Pea)
  • Der Faule und der Fleißige (The sluggard and the diligent)
  • Der gute Lappen (Fragment) (The good rag)
  • Die heilige Frau Kummernis (The holy woman Kummernis)
  • Die Krähen (The Crows)
  • Der Löwe und der Frosch (The Lion and the Frog)
  • Der Räuber und seine Söhne (The Robber and His Sons)
  • Der Soldat und der Schreiner (The Soldier and the Carpenter)
  • Die treuen Tiere (The faithful animals)
  • Das Unglück (The Accident)
  • Der wilde Mann (The Wild Man)
  • The Smith and the Devil

References

  1. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p15-17, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  2. ^ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Children's Stories and Household Tales" p. xxvii-iv, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  3. ^ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Children's Stories and Household Tales" p. xxx, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  4. ^ Maria Tatar, "-xxxix, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  5. ^ Lynn H. Nicholas, Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web p 77-8 ISBN 0-679-77663-X
  6. ^ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Fairy Stories and Household Tales" p. xlvi, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  7. ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 846, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
  8. ^ Maria Tatar, p 345-5, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3

Bibliography

  • Grimm Brothers; Margarate Hunt (Translator) (1944). The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0394494156. {{cite book}}: |author2= has generic name (help)
  • Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (2014). Zipes, Jack (ed.). The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm: the complete first edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691160597.
  • Loo, Oliver (2014). The Original 1812 Grimm Fairy Tales. A New Translation of the 1812 First Edition Kinder- und Hausmärchen Collected through the Brothers Grimm. Vol. I (200 Year Anniversary ed.). ISBN 9781312419049.
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