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HMS Neptune (20)

Coordinates: 33°15′N 13°30′E / 33.250°N 13.500°E / 33.250; 13.500
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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Neptune.

HMS Neptune in 1937
HMS Neptune in 1937
HMS Neptune in 1937
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Neptune
BuilderPortsmouth Dockyard
Laid down24 September 1931
Launched31 January 1933
Commissioned12 February 1934
IdentificationPennant number: 20
Motto
  • Regnare est servire
  • (Latin: "To reign is to serve")
FateSunk 19 December 1941 by mines off Tripoli
General characteristics
Class and typeTemplate:Sclass- light cruiser
Displacement
  • 7,270 tons standard
  • 9,740 tons full load
Length554.9 ft (169.1 m)
Beam56 ft (17 m)
Draught19.1 ft (5.8 m)
Installed power72,000 shaft horsepower (54,000 kW)
Propulsion
  • 4 × Parsons geared steam turbines
  • 6 × Admiralty 3-drum oil-fired boilers
  • Four shafts
Speed32.5 knots (60 km/h)
Range5,730 nautical miles (10,610 km) at 13 knots (24 km/h)
Complement
  • peacetime 550
  • wartime 680
Sensors and
processing systems
  • type 284/286 air search radar
  • type 273/271 surface search
  • type 285 6 inch (152 mm) fire control
  • type 282 40 mm fire control
Armament
Armour
  • 4 in (102 mm) main belt
  • 2.5 in (64 mm) ends
  • 1.25 to 2 in (32 to 51 mm) deck
  • 1 in (25 mm) turrets
Aircraft carried

HMS Neptune was a Template:Sclass- light cruiser which served with the Royal Navy during World War II.

Neptune was the fourth ship of its class and was the ninth Royal Navy vessel to carry the name. Built by Portsmouth Dockyard, the vessel was laid down on 24 September 1931, launched on 31 January 1933, and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 12 February 1934 with the pennant number "20".

Operational history

During World War II, Neptune operated with a crew drawn predominantly from the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy.

In December 1939, several months after war was declared, Neptune was patrolling in the South Atlantic in pursuit of German surface raider pocket battleship (heavy cruiser) Admiral Graf Spee. Neptune, with other patrolling Royal Navy heavy units, was sent to Uruguay in the aftermath of the Battle of the River Plate. However, she was still in transit when the Germans scuttled Graf Spee off Montevideo on 17 December.

Neptune was the first British ship to spot the Italian Fleet in the battle of Calabria, on 9 July 1940, marking also the first time since the Napoleonic Wars that the Mediterranean Fleet received the signal "enemy battle fleet in sight".[3] During the subsequent engagement, she was hit by the Italian light cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi.[4][5] The 6-inch shell splinters damaged her floatplane beyond repair, its wreckage being thrown into the sea.[6] Minutes later her main guns struck the heavy cruiser Bolzano three times, inflicting some damage on her torpedo room, below the waterline and the "B" turret.[7] During 1941, she led Force K, a raiding squadron of cruisers. Their task was to intercept and destroy German and Italian convoys en route to Libya. The convoys were supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps in North Africa with troops and equipment.

Sinking

Force K was sent out on 18 December 1941, to intercept a convoy bound for Tripoli, right after the brief fleet engagement known as First Battle of Sirte.

On the night of 19 – 20 December, Neptune, leading the line, struck two mines, part of a newly laid Italian minefield. The first struck the anti-mine screen, causing no damage. The second struck the bow hull. The other cruisers present, Aurora and Penelope, also struck mines.

While reversing out of the minefield, Neptune struck a third mine, which took off her propellers and left her dead in the water. Aurora was unable to render assistance as she was already down to 10 knots (19 km/h) and needed to turn back to Malta. Penelope was also unable to assist.

The destroyers Kandahar and Lively were sent into the minefield to attempt a tow. The former struck a mine and began drifting. Neptune then signalled for Lively to keep clear. (Kandahar was later evacuated and torpedoed by the destroyer Jaguar, to prevent her capture.)

Neptune hit a fourth mine and quickly capsized, killing 737 crew members. The other 30 initially survived the sinking but they too died. As a result, only one was still alive when their carley float was picked up five days later by the Italian torpedo boat Achille Papa.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Lenton & Colledge 1968 p.39
  2. ^ Campbell 1985 p.34
  3. ^ Thomas, David A. (1999). Malta Convoys. Leo Cooper, p. 25. ISBN 0-85052-663-9
  4. ^ Action of Calabria, by Christian D'Adamo
  5. ^ Jordan, John (2008). Warship 2008. Conway maritime press, p. 32. ISBN 1-84486-062-0
  6. ^ Smith, Peter Charles (1980). Action imminent: three studies of the naval war in the Mediterranean theatre during 1940. Kimber, p. 66. ISBN 0-7183-0197-8
  7. ^ Green, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998). The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1940–1943, Chatam Publishing, pp. 74–75. ISBN 1-885119-61-5

Sources

  • Taverner, Nixie (2003). Neptune's Legacy. Arcturus Press. ISBN 0-90732-286-7.
  • Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Lenton, H.T.; Colledge, J.J (1968). British and Dominion Warships of World War Two. Doubleday and Company.
  • HMS Neptune at Uboat.net
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33°15′N 13°30′E / 33.250°N 13.500°E / 33.250; 13.500

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