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Hannah Baker

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Hannah Baker
Thirteen Reasons Why character
Katherine Langford as Hannah Baker
First appearanceNovel:
"Cassette 1: Side A" (2007)
Television:
"Tape 1, Side A" (2017)
Last appearanceNovel:
"Cassette 7: Side B" (2006)
Created byJay Asher
Portrayed byKatherine Langford
In-universe information
GenderFemale
OccupationStudent
RelativesAndy Baker (father)
Olivia Baker (mother)

Hannah Baker is a fictional character created by American author Jay Asher. She is the subject of his 2007 mystery novel Thirteen Reasons Why, and Netflix's adaptation of the book, 13 Reasons Why. Hannah is introduced as a sophomore at the fictional Liberty High School, characterized by her struggle adjusting to life in an unsympathetic school environment. She is played by Katherine Langford on the television series. Despite her character's death, Langford was signed on to appear in the show's second season, which is set to air in 2018

13 Reasons Why was a breakout success and it became Netflix's highest rated show and the most tweeted series soon after its release. While the critics and analysts were divided on to the treatment of Hannah's character, her death in particular, they were analogous in their praise for Langford's performance. She was catapulted to worldwide attention and was variously called "a revelation", "believable and raw", and "magnetic". Daniel Montgomery of the Gold Derby thought of her as an early frontrunner for an Emmy Award nomination.

Storylines (television series)

At the beginning of the series, Hannah Baker, a junior at Liberty High School, commits suicide by slitting her wrists (by taking "a bunch of pills" in the novel). Her school locker becomes a memorial adorned with students' letters. On returning from school, Clay Jensen, a shy introverted classmate of Hannah's, finds a box filled with audio cassette tapes anonymously dropped on his front doorstep. On listening to the side A of the first tape, he discovers that the tapes were recorded by Hannah. The first words in the tape are, "Hey, it's Hannah, Hannah Baker. [...] I'm about to tell you the story of my life. Or more specifically, why my life ended."

Clay listens to the first tape, on which Hannah narrates the events that led to her suicide. She starts by sharing the story of her first kiss with Justin Foley, a boy she met at a friend's party. He later spreads a salacious rumor about their encounter, and his friend Bryce Walker forwards her private photograph from his phone to everyone at school, further embarrassing her. Meanwhile, in the present-day, Clay recalls being rude to Hannah about her leaked photograph, without having given her a chance to explain. Hannah also reveals on the first tape that each subsequent tape will reveal the thirteen reasons that caused her to kill herself. She also warns listeners to follow certain rules: Everyone on the tapes must listen to the complete set, then pass it along to the next person addressed. However, if they fail to do so, a second set of tapes, held by a friend not on the tapes, will be released.

Clay, who was secretly in love with Hannah, reminisces about the time he spent with her; they worked together at the Cresmont, a local movie theater in the town, and often had candid interactions at work and school. She also gave him a nickname, "Helmet", teasing him for being a nerd. He has a hard time listening to Hannah tell her story, but as he hesitates, his friend Tony finds him and reveals that he has helped shepherd the tapes along — and that he knows that Clay is on them as well. He warns Clay that things will go wrong if he doesn’t do as the tapes say.[1]

On the B side of the first tape, Hannah reminisces about her friendship with Jessica Davis and Alex Standall, who later start dating, and eventually stop hanging out with Hannah. When Alex breaks up with Jessica, she blames it on Hannah and humiliates her by slapping her in public.[2] Alex is the subject of the A side of the second tape. On the tape Hannah recalls the fallout from a list that targets the girls in school, giving them superlatives based on their looks. Alex lists Hannah and Jessica's ass as 'the best' and 'the worst' respectively. In the present, Hannah's mother, Olivia Baker, finds the list at her house leading her to believe that her daughter was being bullied. She seeks the school principal's help. Meanwhile, Clay turns to Alex for answers, and reveals that he made the list to get back at Jessica who refused to have sex with him. He also tells Clay that he deeply regrets making the list in the first place.[3]

As Clay progresses through the tapes, he encounters all the other people on Hannah's recordings, simultaneously reflecting upon his friendship with her, which grew stronger over the course of time. He discovers that everyone on the tapes either took advantage of her or simply abandoned her. Tyler Down, the school photographer, stalks Hannah and distributes a photograph of her and Courtney Crimsen, a closeted lesbian, kissing at a sleepover.[4] Afraid of her classmates discovering her sexuality, Courtney spreads the rumor that the girls in the leaked photos are Hannah and Laura, another lesbian classmate, and also adds to the rumor about Hannah and Justin, furthering her poor reputation.[5] Marcus Cole humiliates Hannah in public by calling her "easy" on a date,[6] and Zach Dempsey, who has feelings for Hannah, steals the "positive notes" destined for her in the Communications class as revenge for her blaming and rejecting him.[7]

Hannah later joins a poetry club where she meets fellow student Ryan Shaver, who publishes her personal poem against her wishes in his school magazine.[8] Hannah attends a party at Jessica's house, hoping for a fresh start to the new school year. She was invited to the party by Clay, who by now has completely fallen in love with her. While hiding in Jessica's room, Hannah witnesses Bryce raping an unconscious and intoxicated Jessica, with Justin's consent.[9] Hannah is too scared to tell anyone and decides to leave. Sheri Holland, the subject of the next tape, is a fellow student who offers her a ride home, but abandons her after she crashes her car into a stop sign, which later leads to the death of Jeff Atkins.[10] In the present day, Tony confides in Clay about the night of Hannah's death.

Clay struggles to continue listening to Hannah's recordings thinking that he, despite being closer to her than the others on the tapes, has let her down. He decides to return the tapes to Tony, who tells him that he is, in fact, the subject of the next tape. Clay hesitates to listen to "his" tape, but eventually decides to continue.[11]

Hannah continues to talk about the night of Jessica's party and discloses the event that she had previously skipped. Hoping for a fresh start to the school year, she wants to start by admitting to her feelings for Clay. The two spend most of the time together at the party and eventually kiss while alone in Jessica's room. But when things get more intimate, Hannah is overwhelmed by the terrible memories of all her previous encounters with the boys at school, including Justin, Marcus and Zach. As she put it, she “thought of every other guy and they all became you.” She screams at Clay and asks him to leave (however, she later admits she wanted him to stay); thinking that he might have done something to provoke the breakdown, Clay leaves Hannah alone in the room leading to her witnessing Bryce rape Jessica shortly thereafter. On the tape, Hannah says that though Clay does not deserve to be on the tapes, there was no way that she could have told her story without talking about him. She admits to being "truly happy" in the moment, and she also says that she had started picturing a future where she was happy, and how life might have been if the two of them were together.

The B side of tape 6 talks of "the most difficult day" of Hannah's life. After accidentally losing her parent's deposits, which were supposed to go to the bank, a depressed Hannah unwillingly ends up at a party at Bryce's house. The night ends in tragedy when she finds herself alone with him and he rapes her. Her rape is the final event that had leads her to decide to end her life.[12] In the present day, Olivia finds a list with all the names of the people on the tapes, but she does not know what it means. The Bakers eventually decide to file a lawsuit against the school, resulting in everyone on the list being subpoenaed.

On the final tape Hannah recalls the day of her suicide. She decides to give life "one more try", and visits Mr. Porter, the school counsellor, and asks for his help. She tells him about the rape, but when she refuses to disclose her rapist's identity, he tells her that the only option is to "move on" with life. This conversation is related on Hannah's final recorded tape. She then wordlessly leaves her uniform on the counter at the theatre before going to give the tapes to Tony. Hannah returns home, fills her bathtub and uses the razors she stole from her father's shop to slit her wrists. Hannah dies of blood loss and is found by her mother and father who attempt to save her by calling 911; but they are too late.[13]

Development

Characterization

In the scenes where Clay remembers Hannah being alive, his world is full of bright and vibrant colours, but when he is brought back to a reality without Hannah in it, his world is much darker, full of harsher shades of blue and grey.

—Caitlin Hacker, writing on the use of different camera for filters depicting life before and after Hannah's death, Popsugar[14]

Asher's original book has been criticized for the poor characterization of Hannah Baker, an aspect of the work that many critics felt was heavily improved upon in the television adaptation.[15][16] In her book review for The Guardian, Katherine Hughes wrote that Hannah came, "across not so much as a young soul in distress as a vengeful harpy".[17] The character was inspired by one of Asher’s relatives, who had tried to commit suicide.[18]

At the beginning to the series, Hannah is a 16 year old high school junior, "from a white picket fence town with an almost perfect family".[19] Noting the realism and relatability of the character with real-life people, Quinn Keaney of Popsugar wrote that Hannah, "is just like you [...] like someone you know; she's smart, she has a bright future ahead of herself, she has loving parents, she just wants to be liked".[20] Variety's Maureen Ryan offered a similar observation on the realistic portrayal of teenagers, writing that the "darkness" in Hannah's life is, "constantly interwoven with the natural resilience and questioning optimism of adolescence".[21] Writing for TVLine, Andy Swift described her as "a fresh-faced teen with a bright future",[22] while Sarah Hughes of The Telegraph called her, "smart, funny, beautiful, and sometimes awkward in that way that teenagers are".[23]

For a large part of the story, Hannah is characterized by her struggle adjusting to life in an unsympathetic school environment, and her "desire to fit in" which "trumps everything".[23] Her mental health deteriorates, as she is subjected to various episodes of bullying, slut-shaming, and physical assaults.[24] Towards the end of the narrative, Hannah meets with Mr. Porter, and tells him that she feels “empty” inside, marking her complete descent into depression.[25] While some critics lauded the honest treatment of Lauren Hoffman of Cosmopolitan felt that the series is, "enamored with this idea of Hannah as someone who does things to others that it neglects to tell us who she is herself". She dubbed it as not just a failure of "telling a story", but a missed opportunit "undo stigma around mental illness".[26]

Although Hannah's storylines are mostly told by the use of voice-overs and flashbacks following her suicide,[27] her character is also viewed from the perspective of Clay Jensen.[28] In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Asher commented, "Clay is also the eyes and ears for the reader. That’s the person you’re connecting with."[28] Elaborating on the use of the first-person narrative style, Joanna Robinson of Vanity Fair emphasized on, "Clay's romantic treatment of Hannah as an unattainable dream girl". She said that the idea undergoes some "smart and nuanced scrutiny", so much so that it leads to a need for an assessment of his complicity in Hannah's death.[29] Vox's Constance Grady, who described Hannah as "attractively damaged but secretly pure, sarcastic but unthreatening [sic]", also acknowledged the connection between Clay and Hannah and wrote that the series heavily depended upon "a secret connection" between the two. [30] She credited Langford's performance as having preserved the character's "wide-eyed vulnerability".[30]

Casting and filming

Series producer Selena Gomez (pictured) was to play Hannah in a film adaptation of the novel.

Hannah Baker was played by Katherine Langford on the television series.[31] The series marked her first major acting credit. Her previous acting role was in an Australian independent film entitled Daughters. She was selected by the show's director Tom McCarthy, script-writer Brian Yorkey, and the executive producer Selena Gomez following a Skype audition. Yorkey called the casting process especially hard because of the extra effort the creators had to make to match the actress with the visions of the novel's readers. Speaking with James Gill of the Radio Times, he expressed his satisfaction on the casting of Langford and Dylan Minnette as the leading duo and said, "It was well worth it, because it was about finding two people who could not only portray Hannah and Clay but really understand at a deep level what their journey is."[32]

Universal Studios purchased film rights to Asher's novel on February 8, 2011, with Gomez entering negotiations for the lead role of Hannah Baker.[33] On October 29, 2015, it was announced that Netflix would be making a television adaptation of the book with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer.[34] Tom McCarthy was hired to direct the first two episodes.[35] The series is produced by Anonymous Content and Paramount Television with Gomez, McCarthy, Joy Gorman, Michael Sugar, Steve Golin, Mandy Teefey, and Kristel Laiblin serving as executive producers.[35] Filming for the show took place in the Northern Californian towns of Vallejo, Benicia, San Rafael, Crockett and Sebastopol during the summer of 2016.[36][37] The first season and the special were released on Netflix on March 31, 2017.[38]

Reception

Critical response and analysis

The character has received polarised response from television critics and mental health analysts, but was well received by the readers and audience; Katherine Langford garnered acclaim for her performance in the television series and was variously called "a revelation", "believable and raw", and "magnetic".[31][39] Jesse Schedeen of IGN praised her performance stating, "Langford shines in the lead role, [...] embodies that optimism and that profound sadness [of Hannah's] as well."[40] Daniel Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also lauding her "dynamic" performance wrote, "Langford's heartbreaking openness makes you root for a fate you know isn't possible."[41] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe praised the chemistry of Langford and Minnette, saying that "watching these two young actors together is pure pleasure",[42] while Schedeen of IGN also agreed, saying that they are "often at their best together, channeling just the right sort of warm but awkward chemistry you'd expect from two teens who can't quite admit to their feelings for one another."[40]

Impact

13 Reasons Why had generated controversy over its portrayal of suicide and self-harm, causing Netflix to add strong advisory warnings prior to the episodes. School psychologists and educators raised alarm about the series. The superintendent of Palm Beach County, Florida schools, noted that some of those students "have articulated associations of their at-risk behavior to the 13 Reasons Why Netflix series."[43] In May 2017, the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCCAP) also noted that the show may serve as a trigger for self-injury among vulnerable youth.[44] Similarly, clinical psychologists such as Daniel J. Reidenberg and Erika Martinez, as well as mental health advocate MollyKate Cline of Teen Vogue magazine, have expressed concerns regarding the risk of suicide contagion.[45][46][47] On the contaray such psychologists as Eric Beeson, a counselor at The Family Institute at Northwestern University noted that "it's unlikely that one show alone could trigger someone to attempt suicide".[48]

Mental health professionals have also criticized the series' depiction of suicide itself, much of which violates widely promulgated recommendations for reporting on actual suicides or depicting them in fiction in order to not encourage copycat suicides.[49][50] In response to the graphic nature of the show and New Zealand's high youth suicide rate, the Office of Film & Literature Classification in the country created a new rating, "RP18", allowing individuals aged 18 and over to watch the series alone and those below having to watch it with supervision from a parent or guardian.[51][52][53] The Australian youth mental health service, Headspace, issued a warning over the graphic content due to the increased number of calls to the service following the show's release in the country.[54][55][56] The portrayal of Hannah's suicide also drew criticism for not following the media guidelines as set out by the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention (CASP) and the American Association of Suicidology. While the CMHA and CASP praised the show for raising awareness about "this preventable health concern", they added that: "raising awareness needs to be done in a safe and responsible manner.[57][58]

An April 2017 National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) statement criticized the show's suggestion that bullying alone led Hannah to take her life, noting that while it may be a contributing factor, suicidal ideations far more often result from the bullied person having a treatable mental illness without adequate coping mechanisms. Alex Moen, a school counselor in Minneapolis, took issue with the show's entire plotline as "essentially a fantasy of what someone who is considering suicide might have—that once you commit suicide, you can still communicate with your loved ones, and people will suddenly realize everything that you were going through and the depth of your pain ... That the cute, sensitive boy will fall in love with you and seek justice for you, and you'll be able to orchestrate it, and in so doing kind of still be able to live."[50] The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) along with the Centre for Suicide Prevention (CSP) released a statement of similar concerns.[57][57]

In response to the controversy, Gomez, one of the executive producers on 13 Reasons Why, defended the series, saying "We stayed very true to the book and that's initially what [author] Jay Asher created was a beautifully tragic, complicated yet suspenseful story". Gomez also told Associated Press the backlash was "gonna come no matter what", as suicide was not an easy subject to talk about.[59] Nic Sheff, one of the writers for the show, has defended it as intended to dispel the myth that suicides "quietly drift off", and recalled how he himself was deterred from a suicide attempt by recalling a survivor's account of how painful and horrifying it was.[60]

References

  1. ^ Li, Shirlley (March 31, 2017). "Episode 1: "Tape 1, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  2. ^ Li, Shirlley (March 31, 2017). "Episode 2: "Tape 1, Side B"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  3. ^ Li, Shirlley (March 31, 2017). "Episode 3: "Tape 2, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  4. ^ Kinane, Ruth (March 31, 2017). "Episode 4: "Tape 2, Side B"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  5. ^ Kinane, Ruth (March 31, 2017). "Episode 5: "Tape 3, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
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  7. ^ Biedenharn, Isabella (March 31, 2017). "Episode 7: "Tape 4, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
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  9. ^ Biedenharn, Isabella (March 31, 2017). "Episode 9: "Tape 5, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  10. ^ Biedenharn, Isabella (March 31, 2017). "Episode 10: "Tape 5, Side B"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  11. ^ Highfill, Samantha (March 31, 2017). "Episode 11: "Tape 6, Side A"". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
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  46. ^ Miller, Korin (April 13, 2017). "13 Reasons Why Is Not the Force for Mental Health Awareness People Say It Is". Self. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  47. ^ Thorbecke, Catherine (April 18, 2017). "'13 Reasons Why' faces backlash from suicide prevention advocacy group". ABC News. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
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  49. ^ "Recommendations - Reporting on Suicide". Reporting on Suicide. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
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  53. ^ "New Zealand teens can only watch Netflix show 13 Reasons Why with their parents". BBC. April 27, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
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  58. ^ National Association of School Psychologists. (2017). 13 Reasons Why Netflix series: Considerations for educators (handout). Bethesda, MD: Author. at nasponline.org Accessed May 8, 2017
  59. ^ Roberts, Kayleigh. "Selena Gomez Responds to the '13 Reasons Why' Backlash". Elle. Retrieved April 29, 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  60. ^ Sheff, Nic (April 13, 2017). "13 Reasons Why Writer: Why We Didn't Shy Away from Hannah's Suicide". Vanity Fair. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
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