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Hurricane Vince

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Hurricane Vince
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Vince near peak intensity southeast of the Azores on 9 October
Formed8 October 2005
Dissipated11 October 2005
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 75 mph (120 km/h)
Lowest pressure988 mbar (hPa); 29.18 inHg
FatalitiesNone reported
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedMadeira Islands, Southern Portugal, Southwestern Spain
Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin. Forming in October during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, it strengthened over waters thought to be too cold for tropical development. Vince was the twentieth named tropical cyclone and twelfth hurricane of the extremely active season.

Vince developed from an extratropical system on 8 October, becoming a subtropical storm southeast of the Azores. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) did not officially name the storm until the next day, shortly before Vince became a hurricane. The storm weakened at sea and made an extremely rare landfall on the Iberian Peninsula as a tropical depression on 11 October. Vince was the first tropical system to do so since the 1842 Spanish hurricane. It dissipated over Spain, bringing much-needed rain to the region, and its remnants passed into the Mediterranean Sea.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 5 October, an operationally unnamed subtropical storm which had gone unnoticed by the NHC was absorbed by a temperate frontal low, which was moving to the southeast over the Azores. The low pressure system gained a more concentrated circulation and lost its frontal structure after absorbing the subtropical storm. The developing system became a subtropical storm itself early on 8 October 580 miles (930 km) southeast of Lajes in the Azores.[1] However, the NHC decided not to name the system Vince at the time, because the water temperature was too low for normal development for a tropical cyclone. The storm gradually gained the tropical characteristics of symmetry and a warm inner core and became a tropical storm the next day. Its transformation to a tropical system occurred over water cooler than 24 °C (75 °F), much colder than the 26.5 °C (80 °F) usually required for tropical development.[1]

Soon after it became a tropical storm on 9 October near Madeira, with a ragged eye already present,[2] the NHC officially named it Tropical Storm Vince and began to issue advisories.[3] At the time there was some uncertainty as to whether Vince was tropical or subtropical but, in his post-season analysis, forecaster James L. Franklin of the NHC conceded that Vince had formed as a subtropical storm and had evolved into a tropical storm before it was named.[1] The storm's ragged eye quickly solidified and contracted into a "bona fide" eye with a diameter of 15 mi (25 km).[4] This increase in organization was accompanied by strengthening, and Vince reached its peak strength as a hurricane with 75 mph (120 km/h) winds later that day. The NHC forecasters decided that "if it looks like a hurricane, it probably is, despite its environment and unusual location".[4]

Hurricane Vince's impressive organization was very short lived as westerly wind shear began to erode the eye within hours.[5] In response, the storm weakened to a tropical storm shortly thereafter.[6] A broad low-level trough approached the storm from the northwest,[5] pulling the convection northward as the storm's low-level center accelerated eastward.[6][7] On 10 October, two brief bursts of convection surprised forecasters, but with the sea surface temperature as low as 22 °C (72 °F), the flares were not sustained.[8][9] Vince continued to weaken as it approached the Iberian Peninsula and became a tropical depression on 11 October, shortly before it made landfall near Huelva, Spain. The fast-moving tropical depression quickly dissipated over land.[1] Its remnants moved across southern Spain, dumping rain on the drought-ridden region, and moved into the Mediterranean Sea south of Alicante in the early hours of 12 October.[2]

Preparations and impact

This reservoir in Córdoba, Spain was one of many that benefited from Hurricane Vince's unseasonable rainfall.

The Spanish Center for Emergency Coordination declared a rain pre-emergency for the province of Castellón in the anticipation that Hurricane Vince would bring rains capable of flooding. The Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INM) issued a bulletin that warned of a 40% chance of flooding. Four Spanish autonomous communities (Asturias, Catalonia, Castile and León, and Galicia) issued flood warnings, and Canarias issued a wind warning.[10] Spanish fishing fleets off the Andalusian coast returned to port and weathered the storm on their moorings rather than in the open ocean.[11]

Spain's population, which had been battling fires after a record breaking summer drought, welcomed the rains brought by Vince's remnants.[12] In two days the storm brought more rain to the province of A Coruña than had fallen all summer, easing the sinking water levels in provincial reservoirs,[11] but also causing traffic jams and minor floods.[13] In Córdoba province, the A-303, A-306 and CO-293 roads were partially flooded but "passable with caution". Municipal roadworks on la Ronda de Poniente, a major traffic artery connecting the city to nearby highways, were flooded and partially destroyed.[14] The entrance of the University of A Coruña was temporarily blocked by flood waters on 11 October, and a nearby roundabout was submerged.[13] These damages were minor, and no fatalities were reported. The highest winds reported on land were 48 mph (77 km/h) at Jerez, Spain, although some ships recorded stronger.[15] Vince was comparable to normal rain events from temperate systems, with only 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 mm) of rain falling. Through a play on words of a song in the musical My Fair Lady, National Hurricane Center forecaster James Franklin in the Tropical Cyclone Report for Vince wrote, "the rain in Spain was mainly less than 2 inches, although 3.30 inches fell in the plain at Córdoba."[1]

Records and naming

Hurricane Vince on 9 October, northwest of the Madeira Islands. For comparison, the main island of the Madeiras (the largest island pictured) is approximately 35 miles (57 km) long.

Although Hurricane Vince developed in an unusual location in the northeastern Atlantic,[16] well away from where tropical cyclones are usually found,[1] it is neither the northernmost forming nor the easternmost forming Atlantic tropical cyclone; these records are held by an unnamed tropical storm of the 1952 season at 42.0° N, and Christine of the 1973 season at 14.0° W, respectively.[17]

Hurricane Vince developed into a hurricane farther east than any other known storm, at 18.9° W. The National Hurricane Center declared that Vince was the first tropical cyclone on record to have made landfall on the Iberian Peninsula.[1] Historical documents, however, suggest that a possibly stronger tropical storm, the 1842 Spain hurricane, struck the Iberian Peninsula on 29 October 1842.

When Subtropical Storm Vince formed on 8 October, it was the earliest in the season that the twenty-first tropical or subtropical storm had ever developed, 38 days ahead of the previous record held by Tropical Storm Twenty-one of the 1933 season. Vince also marked the first time ever that more than 20 tropical/subtropical storms formed in an Atlantic season. Hurricane Vince was also the first named "V" storm in the Atlantic since naming began in 1950. Because the storm did not cause significant damage, the name Vince was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g James L. Franklin (22 February 2006). "Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Vince" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  2. ^ a b Staff (13 October 2005). "13 Oct 2005 ...'Hurricane Vince' visits southern Spain". Malaga Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Richard Knabb (9 October 2005). "Tropical Storm Vince Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  4. ^ a b Richard Knabb (9 October 2005). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  5. ^ a b Richard Pasch (9 October 2005). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  6. ^ a b Franklin (14 August 2011). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
  7. ^ Richard Knabb (10 October 2005). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  8. ^ Richard Knabb (10 October 2005). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  9. ^ Stacy Stewart (10 October 2005). "Hurricane Vince Discussion Number 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  10. ^ Staff Writer (12 October 2005). "Protección Civil alerta a cinco comunidades por la lluvia y el viento" (in Spanish). El Confidencial. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b Javier Mesa (13 October 2005). "Las lluvias sólo frenan un 0,1% la pérdida de agua" (in Spanish). 20 minutos. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  12. ^ César-Javier Palacios (14 October 2005). "Fuentes sin agua" (in Spanish). 20 minutos. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  13. ^ a b Staff Writer (13 October 2005). "Llueve en sólo dos días más que en todo el verano" (in Spanish). 20 minutos. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  14. ^ Staff Writer (13 October 2005). "Problemas en varias carreteras de la provincia" (in Spanish). Diario Cordoba. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Various Authors. "Consideraciones sobre el ciclón Vince: sus efectos sobre la península Ibérica" (pdf) (in Spanish). Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
  16. ^ Knabb (9 October 2005). "Tropical Storm Vince Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  17. ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ^ NHC (6 April 2006). "Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma "Retired" from List of Storm Names". NOAA. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
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