Ijen: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Ijen.JPG|thumb|300px|1937 Dutch map of the Ijen Plateau]] |
[[File:Ijen.JPG|thumb|300px|1937 Dutch map of the Ijen Plateau]] |
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The '''Ijen volcano complex''' is a group of [[stratovolcano]]es, in [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]. It is inside a larger [[caldera]] Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. (not to be confused with [[Mount Merapi, Central Java]] aka [[Gunung Merapi]]) |
The '''Ijen volcano complex''' is a group of [[stratovolcano]]es, in [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]. It is inside a larger [[caldera]] Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. (not to be confused with [[Mount Merapi, Central Java]] aka [[Gunung Merapi]]) |
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For all info in English, Dutch, French, Indonesian and other languages : walterpoupaert@gmail.com |
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West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometer-wide turquoise-colored acid [[crater lake]]. The lake is the site of a labor-intensive [[sulfur]] mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has an equivalent radius of 361 meters, a surface of 41 × 106 square meters. It is 200 meters deep and has a volume of 36 × 106 cubic meters. |
West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometer-wide turquoise-colored acid [[crater lake]]. The lake is the site of a labor-intensive [[sulfur]] mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has an equivalent radius of 361 meters, a surface of 41 × 106 square meters. It is 200 meters deep and has a volume of 36 × 106 cubic meters. |
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Revision as of 02:17, 22 March 2011
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2010) |
| Ijen | |
|---|---|
 Ijen caldera | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,799 m (9,183 ft) |
| Listing | Spesial Ribu |
| Coordinates | 8°03′29″S 114°14′31″E / 8.058°S 114.242°E |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | Java, Indonesia |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | 1999 |
The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes, in East Java, Indonesia. It is inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. (not to be confused with Mount Merapi, Central Java aka Gunung Merapi)
For all info in English, Dutch, French, Indonesian and other languages : walterpoupaert@gmail.com
West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometer-wide turquoise-colored acid crater lake. The lake is the site of a labor-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has an equivalent radius of 361 meters, a surface of 41 × 106 square meters. It is 200 meters deep and has a volume of 36 × 106 cubic meters.
In 2008, explorer George Kourounis took a small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the sulfuric acid in the crater was measured to be 0.5. [1]
Sulfur mining at Ijen
An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur, and supports a mining operation. Escaping volcanic gasses are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulfur, which is deep red in color when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The cooled material is broken into large pieces and carried out in baskets by the miners. Typical loads range from 70–100 kilograms, and must be carried to the crater rim approximately 200 meters above before being carried several kilometers down the mountain. Most miners make this journey twice a day. The miners are paid by a nearby sugar refinery by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2010 the typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $13.00 US. The miners often use insufficient protection while working around the volcano[2] and are susceptible to numerous respiratory complaints.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.stormchaser.ca/Volcanoes/Kawah_Ijen/Kawah_Ijen.html Measuring the acidity of Kawah Ijen crater lake
- ^ http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/12/kawah_ijen_by_night.html
External links
- Ijen Gallery
- Volcanological Survey of Indonesia
- Official website of Indonesian volcanoes at USGS
- The Adventures Behind Filming Ring of Fire
- Large photogallery from Kawah Ijen
- Sulfur mining in Kawah Ijen (The Big Picture photo gallery at Boston.com)
- More sulfur mining pictures at Ijen
