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John Deere (inventor)

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John Deere
John Deere
Born(1804-02-07)February 7, 1804
Rutland, Vermont
DiedMay 17, 1886(1886-05-17) (aged 82)
Red Cliff in Moline, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
EducationMiddlebury College
Occupation(s)Inventor, blacksmith
Known forDeere & Company, steel plow
ChildrenFrancis Albert (1828-1848), Jeanette (1830-1916), Ellen Sarah (1832-1897), Frances Alma (1834-1851), Charles (1836-1907), Emma Charlotte (1840-1911), Hiram Alvin (1842-1844), Alice Marie (1844-1900), Mary Frances (1851-1851) [1]

John Deere (February 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world. Born in Rutland, Vermont, Deere moved to Illinois and invented the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837.

Early life

John Deere was born on February 7th 1804, in Rutland, Vermont. After a brief educational period at Middlebury College, he was apprenticed in 1821 at age 17 to Captain Benjamin Lawrence, a successful Middlebury blacksmith, and entered the trade for himself in 1825.[2][3] He married Demarias Lamb in 1827 and fathered nine children.[3][4]

Steel plow

A monument in Middlebury, Vermont marking the shop in the town where John Deere learned the blacksmith trade.

John Deere settled in Grand Detour, Illinois. At the time, Deere had no difficulty finding work due to a lack of blacksmiths working in the area.[5] Deere found that cast-iron plows were not working very well in the tough prairie soil of Illinois and remembered the needles he had previously polished by running them through sand as he grew up in his father's tailor shop in Rutland, Vermont.[5] Deere came to the conclusion that a plow made out of highly polished steel and a correctly shaped moldboard (the self-scouring steel plow) would be better able to handle the soil conditions of the prairie, especially its sticky clay.[6]

There are varying versions of the inspiration for Deere's famous steel plow. In another version he recalled the way the polished steel pitchfork tines moved through hay and soil and thought that same effect could be obtained for a plow.

The John Deere House in Grand Detour, Illinois, built 1836

In 1837, Deere developed and manufactured the first commercially successful cast-steel plow. The wrought-iron framed plow had a polished steel share. This made it ideal for the tough soil of the Midwest and worked better than other plows. By early 1838, Deere completed his first steel plow and sold it to a local farmer, Lewis Crandall, who quickly spread word of his success with Deere's plow. Subsequently two neighbors soon placed orders with Deere. By 1841, Deere was manufacturing 75-100 plows per year.[3]

In 1843, Deere partnered with Leonard Andrus to produce more plows to keep up with demand. However, the partnership became strained due to the two men's stubbornness - while Deere wished to sell to customers outside Grand Detour, Andrus opposed a proposed railroad through Grand Detour - and Deere's distrust of Andrus' accounting practices.[7] In 1848, Deere dissolved the partnership with Andrus and moved to Moline, Illinois, because the city was a transportation hub on the Mississippi River.[8] By 1855, Deere's factory sold more than 10,000 such plows. It became known as "The Plow that Broke the Plains" and is commemorated as such in a historic place marker in Vermont.[9]

Deere insisted on making high-quality equipment. He once said, "I will never put my name on a product that does not have in it the best that is in me."[10] Following the Panic of 1857, as business improved, Deere left the day-to-day operations to his son Charles.[11] In 1868, Deere incorporated his business as Deere & Company.[11]

Later life

John Deere grave in Riverside Cemetery, Moline.

Later in life Deere focused most of his attention on civil and political affairs. He served as President of the National Bank of Moline, a director of the Moline Free Public Library, and was a trustee of the First Congregational Church.[2][12] Deere also served as Moline's mayor for two years but due to chest pains and dysentery Deere refused to run for a second term.[2][13] He died at home (known as Red Cliff) on May 17, 1886.[14]

Further reading

References

  1. ^ About John Deere. Deere.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  2. ^ a b c "John Deere: A Biography," Deere & Company, official website. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c Leffingwell, Randy. "John Deere: A History of the Tractor," (Google Books), motor books/MBI Publishing Company, 2004, pg. 10, (ISBN 0760318611). Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  4. ^ About John Deere. Deere.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  5. ^ a b "170 Years of John Deere," The Toy Tractor Times, January 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  6. ^ Attoun, Marti. "American Innovator, Agricultural Icon," AmericanProfile.com, April 17, 2005. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  7. ^ Neil Dahlstrom, and Jeremy Dahlstrom, The John Deere Story: A Biography of Plowmakers John & Charles Deere. Northern Illinois University Press, 2005, pg. 18
  8. ^ Robert N. Pripps (1995). John Deere Photographic History. Voyageur Press. p. 18.
  9. ^ Hans Halberstadt (2003). The American Family Farm. MBI Publishing Company. p. 18.
  10. ^ Magee, David. The John Deere Way: Performance that Endures (Google Books), John Wiley and Sons, 2005, p. 36, (ISBN 0471734292), accessed October 21, 2008.
  11. ^ a b Haycraft, William R. Yellow Steel: The Story of the Earthmoving Equipment Industry, (Google Books), University of Illinois Press, 2002, p. 86, (ISBN 0252071042), accessed October 21, 2008.
  12. ^ "John Deere: Founder and President 1837-1886," Deere & Company, official website. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  13. ^ Dahlstrom, Neil and Dahlstrom, Jeremy.The John Deere Story: A Biography of Plowmakers John & Charles Deere. Northern Illinois University Press, 2005, pgs. 101-104
  14. ^ "John Deere Mansion Moline Il," John Deere Mansion, official website.
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