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John Francis Kavanagh (24 September 1903 – 18 June 1984) was an Irish sculptor and artist. In 1930 he was awarded the British School at Rome Scholarship in Sculpture.[1]

In 1933 he was appointed Head of Department of Sculpture and Modelling at the Leeds College of Art.[2]

Kavanagh was an Associate member of the Royal British Society of Sculptors from 1935, and elected a Fellow in 1945. In 1951 he took up the post of Senior Lecturer in Sculpture at the Elam School of Fine Arts, Auckland, New Zealand.[3]

John Kavanagh with his sculpture of Battle-waggon

Early life and education

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John Francis Kavanagh was born in Birr Barracks, Birr, County Offaly, the eldest son of John Michael Kavanagh, a soldier in the Leinster Regiment, and Maud O'Hare.[4][5] At the age of 16 he had an accident when he fell in a quarry in which he suffered severe spinal injuries which left him needing a surgical boot and walking with the aid of a stick.[6] During his three year recovery he would make clay models and decided that he had a talent for sculpture.[2] He studied at the Crawford School of Art, Cork (1919–1921) and then the Liverpool School of Art (1920–21). In 1925 he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art, London, for sculpture, studying there (23 September 1925 to 7 March 1930) under Gilbert Ledward, Henry Moore, William Rothenstein, A. Ernest Cole, and Charles Sargeant Jagger; he obtained the Diploma in Sculpture (A.R.C.A.) in 1928.[6] He was an assistant to Jagger for about six months in 1929;[7] he modelled the elephants outside the New Residence in New Delhi, India, as part of Jagger's design.[6] His relief of World War 1 soldiers, completed about this time, is in the Auckland War Memorial Museum and shows the influence of Jagger.

Career

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Rome

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In 1929 he won a RCA travelling scholarship which took him to Paris, Berlin, Munich and Vienna. Then in 1930 with "Workers Lifting Steel" he won the Rome Scholarship in Sculpture (British Prix de Rome) to study for two years at the British School in Rome; he received a grant from the trustees of the Bird Fund of the Royal Academy to stay until 1933. "Workers Lifting Steel", a relief of labourers shifting a heavy girder, was described at the time 'as good as anything of the kind by a student that we have ever seen'[8][9][10][11] It was posthumously cast in bronze by the Leicester Galleries in 1994. Another work from this period was the head of Colin St Clair Oakes, which exhibited in 1934.[12]

He followed the tradition of classical sculpture and the human figure, as shown by some of the work at this period.[13] His work "Classical Male Athletes" from this period was included in the 2016 exhibition "The Mythic Method: Classicism in British Art 1920-1950" at the Pallant House Gallery.[14]

"The work which Mr. Kavanagh has produced during his three years in Italy is marked by originality, a fine sense of design and excellent technique, and no less than three examples of his studies were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1933. There is no doubt that he has used his Scholarship well, and has undoubtedly benefited by his close and conscientious study, and the Faculty were unanimous in offering him their warm congratulations upon the results of his work."[15]

Two of the works from this period that were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1933 were Tanith and Wanda Tiburzzi,[16] which also won the bronze medal at the Paris Salon in 1935.[17] Wanda Tiburzzi was an Italian woman that he persuaded to model for him.[18][19]

"Mr Kavanagh first saw his subject in Rome, when driving in the gardens of the Villa Borghese. After great difficulty, he traced the woman, and was able to arrange for the sculpture which has since attained such renown."

A review of the Royal Academy Exhibition by Kineton Parker in Apollo remarked that "In the Central Hall is a strange, somewhat uncouth knobbly figure of a woman, "Tanith", in bronze, life-size, by John F. Kavanagh, who is a Prix de Rome 1930 Scholar. It has originality, and is its author's most important work to date. He has, however, two others in the exhibition; a bust "Wanda Tiburzzi", and one of an old Italian. Both are full of character, and if we combine this feeling for character with the fresh feeling for form in "Tanith", there seems to be a considerable chance of the making of a fine sculptor of this definitely plastic artist."[20]

Much of his work was left in storage in Rome and was destroyed during the war.[21] There were difficulties importing his "statue of Venus" into Britain in 1936 for exhibition at the Royal Academy because statues were classed as 'tombstones' and therefore liable for duty.[22][23]

Leeds

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He was Head of the School of Sculpture and Modelling at Leeds College of Art from 1933 – 1939 and taught stone and marble carving in the School of Industrial Design and Crafts.[24][25]

In 1936 he was commissioned for a memorial by Miss M C Vyvyan, a retiring headmistress at Roundhay Girls’ High School, Leeds; it was stolen from the school in the early 1990s.[26] The bronze work "Cora Ann: The Spirit of Youth" shows a figure of a Spartan athlete; the model for it was exhibited at the Royal Academy.[27]

Also in 1936 he won an international competition to design the Medal presented by the Royal Institute of British Architects to winners of the Rome Prize in Architecture. The medal shows the Arms of the Institute, lions rampant on either side of a column with the inscription ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1934 while the reverse has the inscription ROME SCHOLARSHIP IN ARCHITECTURE with a central space for the name.[28][2][29]

He was elected as a member of the National Society of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, Potters, in 1938. He exhibited with them in 1937 with bronzes "Cortino di Ampezzo", "Tanith", "Dr P.Duval", and "Etruria". In 1938 he exhibited "Lady Jane" and "J.W.Dulanty".[30]

His highly stylized "Lady Jane" was exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy (1936) and toured America in 1944.[31][2] A version is now in Auckland City Art Gallery.[32] His sandstone "Crouching Figure" (c 1936), a nude female figure with her head wrapped, is now in the Aigantighe Art Gallery, Timaru.[2] His sculpture Satyr and Nymph (1930) was exhibited at the Auckland Society of Arts.[33]

He was commissioned in 1939 to carve the rood cross for All Souls', Leeds, the "Hook Memorial" Church, receiving £200. The carving of "Christ Triumphant on the Cross" was carved in lime wood and was the largest wooden figure made in England at that time since the Renaissance. It shows Christ on the Cross, wearing the alb and raising his arms free in blessing. Its design took into consideration the extreme foreshortening involved in hanging high in the nave.[34][35][2]

  • "Mechanic". Walthamstow Town Hall
    "Mechanic". Walthamstow Town Hall
  • "Navvy". Walthamstow Town Hall
    "Navvy". Walthamstow Town Hall
  • Bust of Cardinal Hinsley
    Bust of Cardinal Hinsley
  • Head of Georgia Leprohon
    Head of Georgia Leprohon
  • Sir Douglas Robb
    Sir Douglas Robb
  • Lake Taupo
    Lake Taupo
  • Rood Cross, All Souls, Leeds
    Rood Cross, All Souls, Leeds
  • Statue of Thomas Burke
    Statue of Thomas Burke
  • "Education". Walthamstow
    "Education". Walthamstow
  • "Fellowship". Walthamstow
    "Fellowship". Walthamstow
  • Our Lady of Consolation. Frimley
    Our Lady of Consolation. Frimley

War years

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Another commission in 1940 was for the Catholic Hospital, Lambeth Road, London. This is a nine foot high limestone statue of Our Lady of Consolation which stood above the entrance to the hospital,[36] so taking foreshortening into consideration. A bronze model, "Madonna and Child", was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1944. The hospital closed in 1984[37] and the statue is now outside Our Lady Queen of Heaven Church in Frimley, Surrey.[2] His "Greyhound" (1940) was commissioned by two London bookmakers at the Greyhound Racing Association and was cast in silver.[38]

One of his finest portrait busts was the bronze of Cardinal Hinsley which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1939[39] and at the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1947; it is now in the Westminster Cathedral Clergy House Library. Another bust "Russian Peasant", a portrait of a Russian Jew he had ‘found’ on the Mile End Road in London's East End, was exhibited in 1943 and purchased by the Chantrey Bequest for the Tate Gallery.[40] He also exhibited portraits of J.W.Dulanty and Sir Francis Joseph (1937) at the Royal Academy. He also sculpted the head of London model Sheila Maillard in 1940, who became the model for William Reid Dick's 1949 statue of Lady Godiva in Coventry.[21][6]

He was commissioned to carve five corner figures, for which he received £440,[41] and 16 low reliefs for the Walthamstow Town Hall (1937–1942). The relief figures representing crafts and industries are in the entrance of the Town Hall on the sides of the portico piers and the five figures, which are classical in style, are at the rear on the council chamber.[6] The five figures in Portland stone represent "Recreation", "Motherhood", "Fellowship", "Education" and "Work". The figure of "Fellowship" is based on William Morris who had lived locally.[42] He also carved "Tragedy" and "Comedy" on either side of the Assembly Hall.[43]

He won the competition in 1941 for a limestone statue of Father Burke, the Dominican preacher, holding a cross, for which he received £750.[44] The figure, which stands in Galway, Eire, and is eight feet tall, was completed in 1948.[45][46][47] His father had been an altar server for Fr Burke at St Saviour's, Dominick Street, Dublin.[48][49]

Post-war

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Statue of "Prince of Preachers"
At Walshe's Quarries, Leighlinbridge, Carlow, I watched Mr. John Kavanagh, F.R.B.S., Offaly born sculptor, finishing his nine-foot limestone figure of the great Father Tom Burke, O.P., "Prince of Preachers." The figure will be Galway's tribute to one of her greatest sons.

With Mount Leinster away on the horizon and amid the clatter of quarrymen's implements on the hard quarry rock, widely travelled John Kavanagh works in an improvised studio almost on the lip of the quarry pit. Since he began the work he has resided in a farmhouse about 3 miles from the quarry. He makes the journey to and fro in an ass and cart. The figure block came out of the pit weighing six tons. When completed the statue will weigh about half that. For 100 years the Walshes have worked their quarry.

Mr Kavanagh's head of the late Cardinal Hinsley was exhibited at the R.H.A. exhibition in Dublin last year. During his studies in Rome, he met the present Pope, then Cardinal Pacelli, and Signor Mussolini.[50]

Also after the war he received a commission from the Ford Company of Dagenham for a statue of Spartacus as a monument to Free Europe. He also quoted £12,000 for a sculpture in Dublin to Thomas Davis but that was considered too expensive.[51]

He submitted designs in 1947 for the competition to design the Holy Door of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome but his models for the bronze doors did not arrive in time because of difficulties with transport after the war.[52][6]

In 1950 in a joint submission with the architect Daithi P. Hanly he won the Dublin Custom House Memorial competition, worth £100, with a design of Eire striding towards freedom defended by Fionn Mac Cumhaill's last shot.[53] Unfortunately the project suffered delays and was never completed. The model is reported to have been taken to New Zealand.[54]


New Zealand

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In 1951 he took up the position of Senior Lecturer in Sculpture at the Elam School of Fine Arts, Auckland, New Zealand; he temporarily acted as head in 1960, retiring in 1968. His students include Greer Twiss and Marté Szirmay.

When in New Zealand he received few commissions.[55] He designed the common seal for the Medical Research Council of New Zealand in 1951.[56] His head of Kruschev (1961) was exhibited at the New Zealand Academy of Fine Art and in London.[6] His bronze head of Sir Douglas Robb (1956), exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1957,[57] is on display at the Old Government House and a portrait in oil (1961) is in the University of Auckland.[58] A bronze head of Dr H.D. Robertson (1970) is in the Sarjeant Gallery.[59] A portrait bust of the etcher W.P. Robins is owned by Murty Bros Inc. of New York.[60] His sculpture of Battle-Waggon was displayed in 1973.[61]

In 1978 he won the Grand Prix de Lyons with a bronze from the marble head of Georgia Leprohon, a four-year-old child, commissioned by her grandparents.[21]

He had been producing drawings since early in his career but it was only after his retirement that he started painting, many being copies of portraits by old masters.[62]

There were retrospective exhibitions of his sculpture at the Auckland City Art Gallery in 1979[6] and of his paintings and drawings at the Auckland Society of Arts in 1980.[62]

Works exhibited at the Royal Academy

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Year Title Type
1933 Tanith Bronze statue
Wanda Tiburzzi Bronze bust
Il Vecchio Bronze head
1934 Colin St Clair Oakes Bronze head
Not named Bronze head
1935 The Dance of the Hours Relief
1936 Dr P Duval Bronze bust
1937 J.W.Dulanty Bronze bust
Sir Francis Joseph Bronze head
Half-length portrait Bronze
1939 Cardinal Hinsley Bronze bust
1943 Head of a Russian Peasant Bronze head
1944 A Talbot Bronze head
Madonna and Child Bronze statuette
1946 Cora Ann Bronze statuette
Torso Bronze
Cardinal Hinsley Bust
1957 Dr Douglas Robb Bronze bust

Personal life

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10 Mallord Street

He lived in 'The Little House', Mallord Street, Chelsea, London (1936–1946) with his studios at St. Oswald's Studios, Fulham (1934–1936) and then at Radnor Walk, Chelsea (1936–1943).[63] He also had a studio at his father's house in Whalebone Lane, Chadwell Heath, Essex.[3] In 1947 he gave his address as Lower Baggot Street, Dublin. In 1951 the family were at Upper Gardiner Street, Dublin. In New Zealand they first lived at Lonsdale Street, Ellerslie, where he had a studio in the stables. Later in 1984 they lived at Greenlane Rd, Remuera, Auckland. In 1958 the family returned to Britain and Ireland, also visiting Rome, for a year during his sabbatical leave.

He was married at Chelsea in 1942 to Jane Ella Cove (b 1892, Wimbledon), who died the following year leaving him a substantial amount in her will.[64] His second marriage in Dublin (1950) was to Margaret O'Connor (1922-2004), known as Peggy, and they had two children, John (b 1950)[65][66] and Carol (b. 1949);[67] there was also Margaret's daughter Laura Francis (b 1944) from her first marriage.

He died in 1984 of a heart attack in Auckland, New Zealand, and is buried in Purewa Cemetery.[68]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Francis Kavanagh.

References

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  1. ^ "The British School at Rome Scholarship in Sculpture". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951, University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII, online database 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Snoddy, Theo (1996). Dictionary of Irish Artists: 20th Century. Wolfhound Press Ltd. pp. 222–224.
  3. ^ a b "John Francis Kavanagh". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951. University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII, online database 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  4. ^ "United Kingdom, British Armed Forces and Overseas Vital Records, 1761-2005. Maud O'Hare". Family Search. 21 November 1901.
  5. ^ "Ireland Civil Registration Indexes, 1845-1958, Entry for John Francis Kavanagh, from Apr 1904 to Jun 1904". Family Search. 10 September 2001.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "John F. Kavanagh, sculptor: an exhibition of sculpture and models from the collection of the artist, Auckland City Art Gallery, August 29-October, 1979". Auckland Art Gallery.
  7. ^ "Charles Sargeant Jagger", Yorkshire Evening Post 16 November 1934 p13
  8. ^ "Workers Lifting a Steel Construction (Ireland, 1930)". Peter Nahum at the Leicester Galleries. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Workers Lifting Steel (1930)". Young & Son Antiques & Fine Art. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017.
  10. ^ Chamot, Mary; Farr, Dennis; Butlin, Martin (1964). The Modern British Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture. London: Oldbourne P.
  11. ^ "The British School At Rome". Times [London, England]. No. 45416. 21 January 1930. p. 17.
  12. ^ Tsakonas, Athanasios (2021). In Honour of War Heroes: Colin St Clair Oakes and the design of the Kranji War Memorial. Marshall Cavendish International. p. 101. ISBN 9789814893367.
  13. ^ "Mother And Two Children Plaster". FindArtInfo.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018.
  14. ^ Martin, Simon (2016). The Mythic Method: Classicism in British Art 1920-1950. Chichester: Pallant House Gallery. p. 35. ISBN 9781869827892.
  15. ^ "Mr. J.F. Kavanagh". Reports of the Executive Committee and Faculties. British School at Rome, from the Archivist. April 1934. Mr. J.F. Kavanagh, Rome Scholar, 1930, who was enabled to continue his studies for a third year with a special grant from the Executive Committee and from the trustees of the Bird Fund of the Royal Academy, completed his full term in September last. The work which Mr. Kavanagh has produced during his three years in Italy is marked by originality, a fine sense of design and excellent technique, and no less than three examples of his studies were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1933. There is no doubt that he has used his Scholarship well, and has undoubtedly benefited by his close and conscientious study, and the Faculty were unanimous in offering him their warm congratulations upon the results of his work. Mr. Kavanagh was recently appointed head of the Department of Sculpture at the Leeds College of Art.
  16. ^ Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905-1970. Vol. IV. pp. 165–166.
  17. ^ "Bronze Medal for Leeds Sculptor", Yorkshire Evening Post, 9 October 1935 p3
  18. ^ "Tanith". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951.
  19. ^ "Tanith". The University of Auckland Library and Learning Services.
  20. ^ Parker, Kineton (June 1933). "Sculpture at the Royal Academy". Apollo. XVII (102): 246–247.
  21. ^ a b c Maxwell, Susan (8 September 1979). "Veteran sculptor still hasn't lost his touch". New Zealand Herald.
  22. ^ "Venus Comes to London". Dundee Courier. 11 June 1936. p. 5 – via British Library Newspapers.
  23. ^ "Finance Bill. Imported Works of Art". Times. 11 June 1936. p. 9 – via The Times Digital Archive.
  24. ^ Yorkshire Evening Post, 4 December 1933 p10
  25. ^ "Head of Leeds School of Sculpture Resigns", Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 24 January 1939 p7
  26. ^ Founder's Gift to Leeds School, Yorkshire Evening Post, 19 September 1936 P7
  27. ^ "CORA ANN: THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH". Whyte's. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017.
  28. ^ Shasore, Neal (24 November 2015). "Motivated to medal". RIBA Journal. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  29. ^ "The Rome Scholarship in Architecture Medal". Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects: 583. 1938.
  30. ^ National Society of Painters, Sculptors & Printmakers Exhibition Catalogues, National Society of Painters, Sculptors & Printmakers. May 2017.
  31. ^ Works Exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy, Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin. (2017).
  32. ^ "John Francis Kavanagh sculpture at Auckland City Art Gallery (Lady Jane?)". The University of Auckland Library and Learning Services.
  33. ^ McNamara, T.J. (1969). "Many Pleasures in Turkington Tribute". New Zealand Herald. Other pleasures in the show include two gems of painting by J.F. Kavanagh, remarkable for both colour and brilliant handling. His "Satyr-Nymph" sculpture is also a splendid piece.
  34. ^ A Leeds Church Memorial, Yorkshire Evening Post, 10 February 1939 p8
  35. ^ Memorial Cross, Yorkshire Evening Post, 29 December 1939 p6
  36. ^ "Roman Catholic Ceremony". Times [London, England]. No. 48795. 10 December 1940. p. 6.
  37. ^ "Catholic Nursing Institute". LOST HOSPITALS OF LONDON.
  38. ^ "Greyhound". The University of Auckland Library and Learning Services. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  39. ^ "Sculpture at the Royal Academy". Evening Post. 1 May 1939.
  40. ^ "Russian Peasant c.1935–9". Tate Britain. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  41. ^ "New Town Hall Committee", Walthamstow Borough Council minutes, 9 December 1938, pp 136-137. Seen at Waltham Forest Archives and Local Studies Library, Vestry House Museum
  42. ^ "Fellowship (William Morris)". Public Monuments and Sculpture Association National Recording Project. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018.
  43. ^ "Tragedy Head". Public Monuments and Sculpture Association National Recording Project. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017.
  44. ^ "Famous Priest's Memorial". Evening Standard (London). 3 February 1941. p. 4.
  45. ^ "Thomas Burke – Tomás de Búrca". Statues – Hither & Thither. René & Peter van der Krogt.
  46. ^ Catholic Standard, Friday 24 January 1941 page 2
  47. ^ "In Memory of Father Tom", Catholic Standard, 3 December 1948 p1
  48. ^ "Memorial to "Prince of Preachers"". Galway Observer. 17 January 1948. p. 4.
  49. ^ "Bishop unveils statue of noted Dominican". Irish Independent. 29 November 1948.
  50. ^ "Statue of Prince of Preachers", Catholic Standard, 23 January 1948 p2
  51. ^ "Quiet end to campaign for Thomas Davis statue?". Irish Times. 5 March 1959.
  52. ^ "Irish Artist's design in Rome contest". Catholic Standard. 20 February 1948. p. 1.
  53. ^ "Will Honour Ireland's Dead Memorial". Irish Independent. 24 August 1950. p. 8.
  54. ^ Murphy, Paula (2014). Art and Architecture of Ireland, Volume III, Sculpture 1600–2000. Yale University Press. pp. 189–190. Kavanagh had more success with the Custom House Memorial competition, advertised in September 1949 with an award of £50. The prize money was subsequently doubled and the deadline extended by a month, to the end of November 1949, with a view to securing submissions of a high standard. The monument was intended to commemorate members of the IRA who had died in the Custom House raid of 1921 and the winning design was to symbolise 'the fight for freedom' (Irish Times, 5 September 1949). This was a particularly public commission supported by fundraising ventures, including flag days, held in different parts of the country. Among fourteen entrants and from an address in Dublin's Upper Gardiner Street, in August 1950 Kavanagh was declared the winner for his joint submission with architect Daithi P. Hanly (1917-2003). Their design, depicting Éire striding towards freedom defended by Fionn Mac Cumhaill's last shot, symbolized what was 'virtually the last military action of the IRA before the Treaty'. However, in the immediate aftermath of Kavanagh's success, insufficient funds delayed the project. His design was eventually abandoned after he accepted a teaching post at Elam School of Art in Auckland, New Zealand, and he took the model with him. Although the OPW [Office of Public Works] believed that they would have great difficulty in getting such a good design as Kavanagh's, the commission eventually passed to Jean Renard.
  55. ^ Dunn, Michael (2002). New Zealand Sculpture: A History. Auckland University Press. p. 67 – via Google books.
  56. ^ Wolfe, Richard (2017). "Return to Order: The Classicism of John F. Kavanagh". Art New Zealand. 164: 92–97.
  57. ^ "Sculpture Accepted For Display". Press. Vol. XCV, no. 28270. 7 May 1957. p. 19 – via Papers Past.
  58. ^ Tyler, Linda. "Portrait of Sir Douglas Robb". The University of Auckland Art Collection.
  59. ^ "Dr H.D. Robertson". Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui.
  60. ^ McNamara, T.J. (14 July 1973). "Probably the best sculptor we have". New Zealand Herald. John Kavanagh with his portrait bust of the etcher W.P. Robins. The bust is in the Auckland city art gallery on a brief loan from the owners, Murty Bros Inc. of New York.
  61. ^ "Sculpture of Battle Waggon on display at Matamata Arts Society Exhibition". Matamata county mail. 1 November 1973.
  62. ^ a b Brown, Gordon H (Summer 1981). "The sculptures, paintings and drawings of John Francis Kavanagh (Reviews retrospective at Auckland City Art Gallery, Oct. 1979 and Paintings and drawings at Auckland Society of Arts, Sep. 1980)". Art New Zealand. 18: 42–43. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007.
  63. ^ 1939 Register. 3 Studio 4 Radnor Walk, Chelsea, Kensington And Chelsea, Chelsea, London, England. RG101/0110I/013/8 Piece number 0110I item 13 line 8
  64. ^ Kavanagh Jane Ella, Probate 1943
  65. ^ "Ireland Civil Registration Indexes, 1845-1958. John F Kavanagh". Family Search. 6 November 2023.
  66. ^ "Airman who has carved out his own niche". Press. 31 March 1981. p. 17 – via Papers Past.
  67. ^ "Ireland Civil Registration Indexes, 1845-1958. Carol Francis, 1949". FamilySearch. 6 November 2023.
  68. ^ "Sculptor Painter Dies Aged 80". New Zealand Herald. 21 June 1984. p. 20.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Richard Wolfe (2017). "Return to Order: The Classicism of John F. Kavanagh". Art New Zealand. 164: 92–97.
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