John Knowles

John Knowles
Born	John Knowles (1926-09-16)September 16, 1926 Fairmont, West Virginia United States
Died	November 29, 2001(2001-11-29) (aged 75) Ft. Lauderdale, Florida United States
Nationality	American
Education	Yale University Phillips Exeter Academy
Occupation	Writer
Known for	Peace Breaks Out (1981) A Separate Peace (1959)
Awards	William Faulkner Foundation Award (1961)

John Knowles (September 16, 1926 – November 29, 2001) was an American novelist best known for A Separate Peace (1959). He died in 2001 at the age of 75.

Biography

Knowles was born in Fairmont, West Virginia, the son of James M. Knowles, a purchasing agent from Lowell, Massachusetts, and Mary Beatrice Shea Knowles from Concord, New Hampshire. In his home town, Knowles’ father was the vice president of a coal company and they received a steady income affording them a decent standard of living. He attended Oyster Bay High School in Oyster Bay, New York from 1940 until 1942, before continuing at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire, graduating in 1945.

Following his time at Phillips Exeter, Knowles spent eight months serving in the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II. At 19, he married Beth Hughes.

Knowles graduated from Yale University as a member of the class of 1949. While at Yale, Knowles contributed stories to campus humor magazine The Yale Record and served on the board of the Yale Daily News during his sophomore, junior and senior years, notably as Editorial Secretary during his senior year. He was a record-holding varsity swimmer during his sophomore year.

Early in Knowles's career, he wrote for the Hartford Courant and was assistant editor for Holiday magazine, while he concurrently began writing novels, of which he eventually completed seven.

A Separate Peace

A Separate Peace (1959) is John Knowles's most celebrated work.

A Separate Peace was first published in London by Secker and Warburg in 1959. The novel was published in New York in 1960 by Junice Corp.

The novel is based upon Knowles's experiences at Phillips Exeter Academy. "The Devon Woolbert School" setting is a thinly veiled fictionalization of Phillips Exeter Academy. The plot should not be taken as autobiographical, although many elements of the novel stem from personal experience, including Knowles' membership in a secret society and sustaining of a foot injury while jumping from a tree during society exercises. In his essay, "A Special Time, A Special Place," Knowles wrote:

The only elements in A Separate Peace which were not in that summer were anger, violence, and hatred. There was only friendship, athleticism, and loyalty.

The secondary character Finny (Phineas) was the best friend of the main character, Gene. Knowles has stated that he modeled Finny on David Hackett from Milton Academy, whom he met when both attended a summer session at Phillips Exeter Academy. Hackett was a friend of Robert Kennedy's, under whom he later served in the Justice Department. A Phineas Sprague lived in the same dormitory as Knowles during the summer session of 1943 and may have been an inspiration for the character's name.

Gore Vidal, in his memoir Palimpsest, acknowledges that he and Knowles concurrently attended Phillips Exeter Academy, with Vidal two years ahead. Vidal states that Knowles told him that the character Brinker, who precipitates the novel's crisis, is based on Vidal. "We have been friends for many years now," Vidal said, "and I admire the novel that he based on our school days, A Separate Peace."

Later career

Although best known for A Separate Peace, Knowles also wrote a number of other works, including:

• Morning in Antibes (1962)
• Double Vision: American Thoughts Abroad (1964)
• Indian Summer (1966)
• The Paragon (1971)
• Peace Breaks Out (1981)

In his later years, Knowles lectured to university audiences.

A longtime resident of Southampton, New York, Knowles died in 2001, at the age of 75 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Awards

He was the winner of the William Faulkner Award and the Rosenthal Award of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

Selected works

• A Separate Peace (novel), London, Secker & Warburg, 1959; New York, Macmillan Co., 1960
• Morning in Antibes (novel), New York, Macmillan, 1962
• Double Vision; American Thoughts Abroad, New York, Macmillan, 1964
• Indian Summer, New York, Random House, 1966
• Phineas; six stories, New York, Random House, 1968
• The Paragon (novel), New York, Random House, c. 1971
• Spreading Fires, New York, Random House, 1974
• A Vein of Riches, Boston, Little Brown, 1978
• Peace Breaks Out (novel), New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981
• A Stolen Past, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983
• The Private Life of Axie Reed, New York : John Knowles, 1986
• A Special Time, A Special Place, Exeter Bulletin, 1995 (autobiographical note on internet)

Film and television adaptations of A Separate Peace

In 1972, Paramount Pictures released a film version of A Separate Peace, directed by Larry Peerce and starring Parker Stevenson (Gene) and John Heyl (Phineas).

In 2004, a television version was produced by the Showtime network, directed by Peter Yates and starring J Barton (Gene) and Toby Moore (Phineas).

References