Khost
Khost
خوست | |
|---|---|
City | |
 View in Khost, Afghanistan | |
| Country |  Afghanistan |
| Province | Khost Province |
| District | Khost District |
| Population (2006)[1] | |
| • Total | 160,214 |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Standard Time) |
Khost or Khowst (Pashto/Persian: خوست) is a city in eastern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Khost Province, which is a mountainous region near Afghanistan's border with neighboring Pakistan. The population of Khost City is about 160,000 people and the whole province has around a million.
During the nine-year Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s, the town was besieged from July 1983 to November 1987. Khost Airfield, with its 9,000-foot (2,700 m) runway, served as a base for helicopter operations for the Soviet military.
American forces have used the Khost Airfield since as early as at least January 2007[citation needed] during the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) that commenced in October 2001.
Khost is the home of Khost University. The inhabitants of area are Pashto-speaking ethnic Pashtuns. Khost Mosque serves as the main mosque in the city.
Geography
Khost is located about 150 kilometers south of Kabul and 100 kilometers southeast of Gardēz, in Khost Province in eastern Afghanistan. The town of Khost is located on a plateau of minimally 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) altitude that extends to the East for about 40 kilometres (25 mi) until the Pakistan border. Thirty km to the North the peaks start up to 2,500 to 3,000 metres (8,200 to 9,800 ft) right next to the frontier, while 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the South, near the border, the average is around 1,800 m. The valley of Khost is closed to the west with a long mountain chain with peaks that go over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Through this runs for about 90 kilometres (56 mi) the road to Gardez, which is considered extremely dangerous due to the risk of ambush.
Climate
Khost has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk though very close to qualifying as BSh) though most unusually for Afghanistan it receives a substantial proportion of its annual rainfall of 475 millimetres (19 in) from the South Asian monsoon because it is open to the southeast from which the moist winds come. Nonetheless, for a large proportion of the year Khost remains hot and dry, and in many years there is no significant rain during the summer. Winters are milder than in most of Afghanistan due to the town’s relatively lower altitude than other surrounding towns like Gardez or Urgun, though frosts are still frequent during the morning.
| Climate data for Khost, Afghanistan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
35.4 (95.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
10.2 (50.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25.9 (1.02) |
53.6 (2.11) |
61.8 (2.43) |
65.2 (2.57) |
39.8 (1.57) |
21.6 (0.85) |
75.9 (2.99) |
62.0 (2.44) |
30.5 (1.20) |
7.7 (0.30) |
11.6 (0.46) |
20.9 (0.82) |
476.5 (18.76) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.1 | 5.8 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 5.7 | 2.5 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 62.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 62 | 62 | 59 | 50 | 46 | 63 | 68 | 62 | 56 | 56 | 59 | 59 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 198.4 | 183.6 | 207.7 | 234.0 | 291.4 | 285.0 | 251.1 | 248.0 | 270.0 | 251.1 | 243.0 | 176.7 | 2,840 |
| Source 1: [2] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: (sunshine and precipitation days)[3] | |||||||||||||
History
Soviet war in Afghanistan
During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Khost was the object of a siege which lasted for more than eight years. Soon after the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet troops, Afghan guerillas took control of the only land route between Khost and Gardez, effectively putting a stop to the Soviet advance.
During the assault on the Zhawar Kili Cave complex, the Soviets used the Khost Airfield as an initial staging ground to insert troops into the combat zone, using Mil Mi-8 armed helicopter transport ships.
2001-present war in Afghanistan
Khost has been in American control since the 2001 US led invasion of Afghanistan. Due to its location in eastern Afghanistan, it was a hotbed for insurgent activity attempting to dislodge the American forces there. Like most every other province, Khost is home to maneuver forces and a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT). Maneuver forces wage war against insurgents and assist the Afghan National Army and the Afghan National Police in operations while the PRT handles the reconstruction aspects.
In early 2007, Lieutenant Colonel Scottie Custer of the 82nd Airborne Division saw that the best way to limit insurgent activity in Khost was to forward deploy some 187 paratroopers under his command to Force Protection Facilities in Khost's various district centers next to the sub-governors mansions so they could both protect them and maintain a visible presence in population centers as well as help mentor Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police units operating across Khost.
The FPF's brought a broader sense of security and prosperity to surrounding areas. Bazaars, shops, and gas stations have improved the quality of life for local residents. The Mandozai Force Protection Facilities in Khost include a medical clinic attached to further assist Afghans in need of basic medical assistance. The offices of Khost's various sub-governors had experienced increased activity as Afghans went there to settle disputes and voice concerns instead of going through traditional tribal channels and bribes cutting down on sectarian suspicion and strife.
Throughout 2007 and 2008 roads had been improved, businesses were springing up and schools were being built, at least 50 in 2007 alone with another 25 planned for 2008. A new airport was under construction as the Khost Airfield was used by the US Military creating new opportunities and jobs.
- May 2009 battle
On May 12, 2009, several teams of armed militants stormed Khost prompting a heavy six-hours battle with US and Afghan National Army forces. Reportedly the attack involved 10 suicide bombers, of whom seven were able to detonate and three were shot by security forces. Coalition Forces, aided by the Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police took the lead in repelling the attack.
- Attack on CIA base
On 30 December 2009, a suicide bomber attacked Forward Operating Base Chapman, a major CIA base in Khost, and killed seven CIA officers, including the chief of the base.[4][5][6]
On 18 February 2011 a suicide car bomber targeted targeted a police checkpoint and killed 11 people. [7]
Sport
Cricket is growing in popularity in Khost, with the sport being introduced by newly returned refugees from Pakistan. Afghanistan batsman Noor Ali was born in Khost. Nawroz Mangal, the captain of the Afghanistan team for ODI and test matches, also belongs to the Khost Province.Dawlat Zadran the new Afghan Cricket paceman ,who grabbed two crucial wickets against Pakistan (in 1st International One Day against Full Member) is also from Khost . Apart from Cricket Volleyball and Football are also famous in Khost .
See also
Notes
- ^ "Khost", The National Area-Based Development Program (NABDP), Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development
- ^ "Chitral, Pakistan". Climate Charts. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Chitral, Pakistan, Pakistan". allmetsat. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Gorham, Siobham (December 31, 2009). "Suicide Bombing in Afghanistan Devastates Critical Hub for CIA Activities". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
- ^ "AP sources: Suicide bomber invited on base". Associated Press. December 31, 2009.
- ^ "Afghanistan suicide bombing kills 8 CIA officers - Los Angeles Times". Latimes.com. 2009-12-31. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Afghan suicide car bomber kills 11 in Khost city". bbc.co.uk. 2009-12-31. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
References
- Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, by Chalmers Johnson, ISBN 0-8050-6239-4
External links
