Kuršėnai
Kuršėnai | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Country | Lithuania |
| County | Šiauliai County |
| Municipality | Šiauliai district municipality |
| Eldership | Kuršėnai town eldership |
| Capital of | Kuršėnai town eldership Kuršėnai rural eldership |
| First mentioned | 16th century |
| Granted city rights | 1947 |
| Population (2001) | |
• Total | 14,197 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kuršėnai (; Template:Lang-pl) is the twenty-fifth largest city in Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, it had 14,197 residents.[1]
History
The town's name was first documented in the 16th century. According to historian M. Balinskis, its name is derived from word 'kuršis'. However, according to local people, the town didn't have a name for a long time. But, one summer day the river Venta flooded and washed all hay bales which were standing at the river banks. People started questioning each other: where is the hay? where is the hay? („Kur šienai? Kur šienai?“). Since then, the town name stayed as Kuršėnai.[2]
Since a clay that is ideal for fine ceramics was detected near Kuršėnai, pottery has long been thriving in the city. In the last century, Kuršėnai became famous for fairs abundant in earthenware. Kuršėnai is called the “Capital of Potters” not only due to the abundance of such handicraftsmen in the city but also because the All-Time Potter’s Crown has been solely won by the folk artists of Kuršėnai such as J. Paulauskas, V. Damkus, B. Radeckas, and J. Vertelis. It clearly is no coincidence that a pitcher is one of the elements of the Coat of Arms of the city.
The history of Kuršėnai Manor begins in 1564 when Sigismund Augustus gave the said manor as a fief to George Despot-Zenovich, the Castellan of Polotsk. Soon, a settlement began to grow in the manor lands on the other side of the Venta, and in 1569 the first wooden church was erected. In 1621, the estate went to S. Pac, the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and a decade later the manor became the property of George Gruzewski and his wife. At the end of the 18th century, Kuršėnai were inherited by Stephen Gruzewski. Having brought in the artist J. Rilke with the apprentice team, he built a new (current) manor house and a chapel and renovated other buildings in 1811. The estate flourished still further under ruling of his younger son Edward who took it over in 1846.
Kuršėnai Manor has the most valuable heritage of wooden manorial architecture in Šiauliai District. The original staircase, window frames, and wooden front doors have survived.[3]
The estate of Kurshan was under Russian rule from 1795 to 1914, first in the Vilna Gubernia (Province) and from 1843 in the Kovno Gubernia. The mansion and the park were devastated by the Germans who occupied the manor during the First World War and took away the most valuable things. In 1914 the town's Jewish population was expelled by the Russian army, who accused them of collaborating with the Germans.[4] The fire of 1915 destroyed the peasant farms, barns, and sheds. The manor belonged to George Gruzewski at that time. Owing to advanced farming, the estate was flourishing during the interwar period. The manor was nationalized in 1940.
Outside the manor, the town itself began to grow in 1873 when a railway station was built here.
Famous people
- Stasys Raštikis, Lithuanian army general
- Donald Kagan, Yale Classics professor
- Laurynas Ivinskis (1810 - 1881) - the first person who designed Lithuanian calendar in Lithuania. He is buried here.
- Vacys Reimeris, poet
- Stasys Lipskis
- Arieh Kubovy (1897–1966), chairman of Yad Vashem[5]
References
- ^ "Population by sex in counties, city (towns) and municipalities". Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania). 2010-01-11.
- ^ http://www.studijoms.lt/kursenai.html
- ^ http://www.siauliurajonas.lt/Kursenai-Land-Potters-240-moncula.html
- ^ Josef Rosin, Protecting Our Litvak Heritage > Kuršėnai (Kurshan), accessed 2016-01-02
- ^ Arjeh Kubovy, Head of Yad Vashem,dead; Was Israeli Career Diplomat, Jewish Telegraphic Agency archive, accessed 2016-01-02
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