Kurdish emirates
The Kurdish chiefdoms or principalities were several semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of continuous warfare between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran.[1] The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other.[1] The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan Murad IV in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires.[1]
The eyalet of Diyarbakir was the center of the major and minor Kurdish chiefdoms. However, other Kurdish emirates existed outside of Diyarbakir.[2][3]
Policy during the Ottoman-Persian wars
The Ottomans gave the Kurds self-rule during the Ottoman-Persian wars, to ensure that the Kurds remain on the Ottoman side. After the Treaty of Erzurum in 1823 the Persian threat was reduced & the Ottomans brought the Kurdish Chiefdoms under direct control.[4]
List
Major emirates
Minor emirates
- Ahakis (Hakis)
- Amid
- Ana ve Hit (Anah & Hit)
- Aqçaqale
- Arabkir
- Ataq (Attack[disambiguation needed])
- Baban
- Beni Rabia
- Bîcar
- Biré (Biradjik)
- Cammasa
- Çemişgezek
- Dasini
- Deyr ü Rahba
- Ergani
- Erzen (Erzenjan)
- Eski Mosul
- Genç → Hançük, Çapaqçur
- Gürdükan (Kürdükân)
- Habur
- Harput
- Hazzo (Hezo)
- Hizan
- Hüsnru
- Kigi
- Kulp
- Mecengird (Mazgêrd)
- Mirdasi → Eğil, Palu, Çermik
- Mihrani
- Suveydi
- Süleymandi → Mifariqin (Fariqin)
- Mardin
- Mosul
- Nisibin
- Pasûr
- Pêrtag
- Qulp
- Raqqa
- Ruha (Urfa)
- Sagman
- Sasun (Qabilcewz])
- Sine
- Siverek
- Soran
- Suruc
- Sincar
- Si‘ird (Sêrt)
- Tercil (Hezro/Hazro)
- Masyum u Tur (Nahiye-i Tur)
- Zakho
- Zirqan (Zeyrek)
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII) Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kurdish notables and the Ottoman state: evolving identities, competing ..., p. 49, at Google Books By Hakan Özoğlu
- ^ "The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800) (Chapter 2) - The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey". Cambridge Core.
- ^ http://www.let.uu.nl/~martin.vanbruinessen/personal/publications/Evliya/Evliya%20in%20Diyarbekir_Ch_2_Ottoman.pdf