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LANSA Flight 502

Coordinates: 13°32′16.36″S 71°57′57.73″W / 13.5378778°S 71.9660361°W / -13.5378778; -71.9660361
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LANSA Flight 502
Lockheed L-188 Electra similar to accident aircraft
Accident
DateAugust 9, 1970
SummaryPilot error
SiteCusco,Peru
13°32′16.36″S 71°57′57.73″W / 13.5378778°S 71.9660361°W / -13.5378778; -71.9660361 (approx.)
Aircraft typeLockheed L-188A Electra
OperatorLíneas Aéreas Nacionales S. A. (Peru)
RegistrationOB-R-939
Flight originAlejandro Velasco Astete International Airport, Cusco, Peru
DestinationJorge Chávez International Airport, Lima, Peru
Passengers92
Crew8
Fatalities101 (including 2 on ground)
Injuries1
Survivors1 (Juan Loo [1])

LANSA Flight 502 was a Lockheed L-188A Electra operated by Líneas Aéreas Nacionales Sociedad Anónima (LANSA) which crashed shortly after takeoff from Quispiquilla Airport near Cusco, Peru, on August 9, 1970, after losing all power from one of its engines.[2] The four-engine turboprop aircraft, registered OB-R-939, was bound from Cusco to Lima, carrying 8 crew and 92 passengers. All but one of the occupants died from injuries sustained from impact forces and post crash fire. Two people on the ground were also killed. There were 49 American high school exchange students on board, all of whom perished.[3] A Peruvian government investigation concluded that the accident was caused by improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew, aggravated by lack of maintenance and overloading. LANSA was fined and its operations were suspended for 90 days. At the time, the crash was the deadliest ever in Peruvian history.[2]

Background

More than half of the passengers belonged to a single group, sponsored by the Buffalo, New York, based International Fellowship student exchange program, consisting of 49 American high school exchange students, along with their teachers, family members, and guides, who were returning from a visit to nearby Machu Picchu to their host families in the Lima area. The daughter of the mayor of Lima was also accompanying the group.[4] The Peruvian passengers included a couple on their honeymoon.[5]

Students boarding the doomed flight

August 9, 1970 was a Sunday, and Flight 502 was originally scheduled to depart Cuzco at 8:30 am,[6][7][8] but since many of the members of the American group wanted to visit the nearby Pisac native handicraft market prior to leaving for Lima, the airline postponed the departure time to 2:45 pm.[8]

Quispiquilla Airport, since renamed to Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport, is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of the city of Cusco, in a small valley high on the Andes, at an altitude of 10,860 feet (3,310 m) above mean sea level.[9] Higher mountainous terrain surrounds the single east-west runway airport in all directions. Since it was August, it was winter time in Peru, as in the rest of the southern hemisphere.

At about 2:55 pm, the four-engine Electra turboprop began its takeoff run to the west. At some point during the takeoff run or initial climb, the number three engine[10] failed and caught fire. The crew continued the takeoff and climb, per standard procedure, using power from the remaining three engines. The pilot radioed the control tower declaring an emergency, and the control tower cleared the flight for an immediate landing.[4] The number three engine was engulfed in flames as the crew retracted the flaps and maneuvered the plane into a left turn back to the runway.[2] The plane entered a 30–45 degree bank, then rapidly lost altitude and crashed into hilly terrain about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west-southwest of the runway, above the village of San Jerónimo. The fuel on board caught fire and all aboard perished except the copilot, 26 year old Juan Loo, who was found in the wreckage of the cockpit badly burned but alive. Two farm workers were killed on the ground.

Investigation

Map of Peru depicting Flight 502 origin and destination

The Peruvian government investigated the accident, and in its final report concluded that the probable cause of the accident was the improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew, with contributing factors of improper loading of the aircraft and improper maintenance procedures by company personnel.[2] There was also evidence of a coverup and falsification of critical maintenance records by LANSA employees during the investigation process. The Peruvian government subsequently fined LANSA and some of its employees, and suspended the airline's operating license for 90 days as a consequence.[3][11]

Aftermath

About a year after the accident, a monument—a large white cross with an attached nameplate—was erected on the spot of the crash site to commemorate the victims of LANSA flight 502. In 2006, because of encroaching development, the Peruvian owner of the land where the memorial was originally located, under pressure from the U.S. Senator from New York, Charles E. Schumer, the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Consulate General in Peru, agreed to relocate the memorial 150 feet away to protect the site.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ airsafe.com (2010). "Plane Crashes with a Sole Survivor". airsafe.com. Retrieved 15 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ a b c d "Accident record". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  3. ^ a b "LANSA 502 accident victims website". www.august91970.com. Archived from the original on 2006-01-05. Retrieved 2009-06-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Maidenberg, H.J. (August 10, 1970). "99 on airliner die in crash in Peru; 54 are from U.S." New York Times.
  5. ^ "Peru: 99 People Killed in Air Crash". ITN Source Article, August 15, 1970.
  6. ^ "1968 LANSA Flight Timetable". www.timetableimages.com. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  7. ^ Note that LANSA 1968 flight timetable shows 10:15 am as 'daily' departure time of Flight 502 from Cuzco to Lima, although NYT article reports it was scheduled as 08:30 am for flight 502.
  8. ^ a b "Peru Panel Studies Crash Fatal to 99". New York Times. August 13, 1970.
  9. ^ "CUZ - Cuzco, Perú - Velazco Astete". Great Circle Mapper. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  10. ^ Number three engine is inboard, right side.
  11. ^ "Peruvian Line Suspended". New York Times. September 3, 1970. p. 32.
  12. ^ "Schumer Announces Peruvian Memorial For Plane Crash Victims Will Be Moved To Safe Location". U.S. Senate (Schumer press release). August 22, 2006. Retrieved 2009-06-17.

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