La Cinq
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| Country |  France |
|---|---|
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Mediaset |
La Cinq (The Five) was France's first privately owned free terrestrial television network. Created by politician Jérôme Seydoux and Italian media mogul Silvio Berlusconi, the network broadcast from 1985 to 1992.
The contract for France's fifth terrestrial network, which was supposed to have been in effect for an 18-year term, was granted to Seydoux and Berlusconi in November 1985, on which the channel should have ended in 2003. Programming began on 20 February 1986 at 8:30 pm; the first program on La Cinq was Voilà la Cinq, which was taped at Mediaset's studios in Milan, Italy.
Economic problems had led to La Cinq's bankruptcy and liquidation in April 1992; the network closed down permanently on 12 April 1992 at midnight, following its final program, Vive La Cinq, which was viewed by between 6 and 7 million viewers. The second and last variant of the La Cinq logo debuted in 1991, before La Cinq's bankruptcy and liquidation. The channel's final images before closing down entirely were a planet with the number 5 rotating around it being blocked by a larger planet as the opening to "Also Sprach Zarathustra" was heard, followed by a text slide that said, La Cinq vous prie de l'excuser pour cette interruption définitive de l'image et du son ("La Cinq would like to apologise for the permanent loss of picture and sound"), followed by another slide that simply said, C'est fini ("It's over"). [1]
It would be almost two years before the network's infrastructure was reactivated as a public educational channel, La Cinquième (now France 5).
La Cinq (The Five) under Jérôme Seydoux (1985–1987)
On 20 November 1985 the government granted an 18-year concession to France Cinq allowing them to operate the fifth national television network. This decision was criticized by the Minister of Culture, by some of the President's advisers, who wanted to see cultural programming, and by the Haute Autorité de la communication audiovisuelle, which did not approve of the conditions but had no power to change them. At a press conference on 22 November 1985, Jérome Seydoux and Silvio Berlusconi presented the focus and style of the programs that would be broadcast on the future fifth television channel. In response to critics who accused them of wanting to create "Coca-Cola" TV, Berlusconi, who developed La Cinq’s programming from his catalogs, replied that the channel would be “neither Coca-Cola TV, nor spaghetti TV, but rather Beaujolais TV, a Saturday champagne.[2] He also promised to feature well-liked TV or film stars.
Determined to block this project, 60 senators had the Constitutional Council[3] declare "The Eiffel Tower Amendment" (fr: amendement Tour Eiffel) unconstitutional on 13 December 1985.[4] This forced the government to draft a new bill, which was accepted by Parliament on 21 December. On 16 January 1986 the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion (CLT) unsuccessfully attempted to have the Council of State cancel the concession agreement; instead the government gave the CLT the right to use one of the two remaining free channels of the future TDF 1 satellite. On 20 January 1986 Silvio Berlusconi presented the programs of his future commercial channel, officially known as La Cinq, to journalists, industrialists and advertisers in order to convince them to buy advertising airtime to finance the channel. The next day, the police were forced to intervene in order to allow TDF technicians to come install La Cinq’s transmitters at the top of the Eiffel Tower, after the City of Paris refused to do so for security reasons.[5][6]
After three months of animosity[7] and a month of technical testing, La Cinq was finally able to start broadcasting on Thursday 20 February 1986 at 20:30, airing an introductory broadcast entitled Voila la Cinq, which had been recorded in the Fininvest[8] Group’s Milan studio. Up until midnight, Christian Morin, Roger Zabel, Amanda Lear, Ėlisabeth Tordjman and Alain Gillot-Pétré hosted major French stars (Johnny Hallyday, Serge Gainsbourg, Mireille Mathieu, Charles Aznavour) as well as international stars like Ornella Muti, who had been invited by Silvio Berlusconi to support a show that would be able to compete with TF1 or Antenne 2.[9][10][11][12] For the next few weeks, the programming consisted of game shows and variety shows like Pentathlon, C’est beau la vie, and Cherchez la femme, which had been adapted from successful shows on Silvio Berlusconi’s Italian network, Canale 5, and had also been influenced by French magazines like Mode. The programs were repeated every four to five hours and had up to three commercial breaks per show. The first hosts had formerly been presenters on TF1 (Christian Morin), Antenne 2 (Alain Gillot-Pétré, Roger Zabel and Élisabeth Tordjman), or one of Berlusconi’s Italian networks (Amanda Lear). A continuity announcer presented the programs.[13]
Starting in February 1986, American TV series aired during daytime and late night programming. Most of these series were familiar to viewers, because they were broadcast on other French networks in the 1960s and 1970s: Diff'rent Strokes, Happy Days, Mission: Impossible, The Twilight Zone, Star Trek, The Dukes of Hazzard and Wonder Woman.
Audience
 |
| 1986 | 4.2% |
| 1987 | 7.3% |
| 1988 | 10.3% |
| 1989 | 13.0% |
| 1990 | 11.7% |
| 1991 | 10.9% |
See also
References
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy-ZEYlQxmE
- ^ Conférence de presse de Silvo Berlusconi "la 5ème ne sera pas une télévision coca-cola, ni une télévision spaghetti, mais une télévision Beaujolais, champagne le samedi"
- ^ Lefebvre, Pascal. 1998. Havas et l'audiovisuel 1920-1986. Paris: L'Harmattan. p. 235
- ^ Décision n° 85-198 DC du 13 décembre 1985
- ^ Tour Eiffel-TDF
- ^ Affaire tour Eiffel
- ^ Ina.fr
- ^ La grille des programmes
- ^ Soiree d'ouverture de la Cinq
- ^ Daily Motion- Inaguration la 5
- ^ Daily Motion- Inaguration la 5 Partie 2
- ^ Daily Motion- La 5 1986 ouverture
- ^ Speakrine la cinq
External links
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